Attachment, Spreading, and Adhesion Strength of Human Bone Marrow Cells on Chitosan

Abstract

The successful integration of an orthopedic implant into bone depends on the mechanisms at the tissue-implant interface and mostly on the osteoblast attachment phenomenon. Chitosan has emerged as an attractive biomacromolecule favoring osseointegration. In this study highly deacetylated chitosan coatings, with roughness of about 1 nm, were bonded to glass surfaces via silane-glutaraldehyde molecules. Human osteoblasts were used to study the development of attachment during the first 60 min. Chitosan favored the number of the attached cells compared to the uncoated surfaces for 30 min seeding time (t (s)). For t (s) up to 60 min the attached cell area was almost 210% significantly higher on the chitosan surfaces, indicating an enhanced spreading process. To determine the cell attachment strength, a micropipette aspiration method was used, where the value of the term I = ∫Fdt is representative of the single cell attachment-adhesion procedure and quantitatively reflects the strength evolution during attachment: F equals the detaching force applied on the cell. The results showed higher strength values on the chitosan surfaces. The findings reinforce the favorable environment of the biomacromolecule for the osteoblast and the new approach regarding the quantitatively evaluation of adhesion provides important contribution for the study of cell-material interaction, especially during the crucial first phase of cell attachment.

Characterization of hLF1–11 immobilization onto chitosan ultrathin films, and its effects on antimicrobial activity

“…To this end, we needed a polymer that would be easily functionalized, but also would have intrinsic characteristics favorable to the product end application, as allowing osteointegration, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion and growth. Therefore, we chose chitosan, as it fulfills the characteristics mentioned above, with reported antimicrobial [13][14][15][16] and osteogenic properties [17][18][19][20]. As summarized by us [4], AMP covalent immobilization may result in activity lost, so some parameters should be addressed in order to obtain maximum activity, namely (i) orientation (N-or C-terminal immobilization) and (ii) exposition.…”

Investigation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cultured on PLGA or PLGA/Chitosan Electrospun Nanofibers

“…However, the increased metabolic activity and proliferation of MSC with PLGA/CH suggested that the polyblend construct provided more favorable growth and survival conditions for MSC than did PLGA alone. The improved attachment and growth of cells on substrates made from chitosan might be due to the cationic nature of the amine groups in chitosan, which enhances the attraction for negatively charged cells as well [28]. As we grow our MSC in media containing serum it is more likely that cells attach to adsorbed serum proteins.…”

“…Chitosan has been widely used in research for many tissue engineering applications, especially in combination with MSC for bone [28][29][30] (enhancing osteogenesis) and neural tissue engineering [31,32]. Previous studies have shown that MSC cultured on nonfibrous scaffolds composed of PLGA and chitosan facilitate cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion [31][32][33].…”

“…This naturally occurring, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic polysaccharide is a cationic polymer with a structural similarity to various Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the ECM [27]. Specific interactions between GAGs and growth factors, receptors, and adhesion proteins suggest that the bioactivity of chitosan is a result of its analogous structure to GAGs [28].…”

Solution casting of chitosan membranes for in vitro evaluation of bioactivity

“…Research focusing on the surface modification of these materials could considerably increase the success of orthopaedic fixations. Chitosan, the partly deacetylated configuration of chitin, is one of the natural materials under investigation to improve implant integration and cellular attachment [3-5]. Several promising properties are attributed to chitosan, including biocompatibility, non-toxicity and in vivo degradation [6].…”