Attachment representations, patterns of emotion regulation, and social exclusion in patients with chronic and episodic depression and healthy controls

Bauriedl-Schmidt, Christine; Jobst, Andrea; Gander, Manuela; Seidl, Elias; Sabaß, L.; Sarubin, Nina; Mauer, Cortney B.; Padberg, Frank; Buchheim, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.030

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In a study of Bauriedl‐Schmidt et al. (), CD and non‐CD patients were compared regarding attachment representations and their influence on emotional reactions. Both groups did not differ regarding the attachment representation (95.5% of the non‐CD and 96.3% of the CD patients were classified as either dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment

et al. 2018

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Background: There is still uncertainty if and to what extent chronic depression (CD) presents with specific features especially in contrast to the nonchronic course of major depressive disorder (non-CD). This systematic review aims to summarize the existing literature regarding sociodemographic factors, psychopathology, and course of disease in patients with CD in comparison to patients with non-CD. Methods: A structured database search (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CENTRAL) was performed. All studies comparing CD with non-CD patients were included. Twenty-eight studies, including cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and observational studies, were identified in which both subgroups were diagnosed according to DSM-IV or DSM-5, respectively. Primary outcome were group comparisons focused on sociodemographic factors, childhood adversity, onset of the disorder, comorbidities, severity and course of the depressive symptoms, and specific psychopathology.Results: Patients with CD had an earlier onset of depressive symptoms, higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and a complicated treatment course (e.g., higher rates of suicidality) compared to non-CD. We also found some evidence for specific features in the psychopathology of CD patients (submissive and hostile interpersonal styles) in contrast to non-CD patients. Results were inconsistent with regard to childhood maltreatment. No differences were found regarding the severity of depressive symptoms and most sociodemographic factors. Conclusion:Despite some inconsistencies, the results of this review verified important differences between CD and non-CD. However, future research is needed to characterize especially the specific psychopathology of CD in comparison to non-CD patients to develop more tailored treatment strategies. K E Y W O R D Sassessment/diagnosis, clinical trials, depression, dysthymic disorder, mood disorders 18

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment

et al. 2018

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“…Researchers have suggested a significant association between insecure attachment and mood disorders (61)(62)(63)(64). In a few studies in BD (65) researchers have observed a higher prevalence of insecure attachment, especially the anxious type and noted some influence on the stage of the disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Structure and Attachment in Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2020

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Background: An impairment of self and interpersonal functioning has an impact on coping strategies, regulation of affect and stress. Little is known so far about the impairment of personality functioning in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study is to assess the effects of personality structure and attachment in BD patients on the symptom burden. Methods: Forty-six patients with the diagnosis of BD were assessed by the 12-item Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SQS), the short version of Experience in Close Relationship-revised (ECR-R-D), and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI 18) to determine the level of personality functioning, attachment patterns, and symptom load. Results: We observed positive correlations between personality difficulties, insecure attachment, and symptom load in patients with BD. A low level of structural integration and an insecure attachment style in patients with BD were accompanied by a significantly higher symptom load (r = 0.66, p ≤ 0.01). Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the structural integration (T(1.44) = −0.93, p = 0.357) and in the attachment style attachment related avoidance: (T(1,44) = 1.50, p = 0.140); attachment related anxiety (T(1,44) = −0.781, p = 0.439) of study participants with BD when compared to the normative value of the general population. Limitations: Our limitations are the small sample size of our group and the lack of a control group. Conclusion: In general, our results suggest that there is a link between personality structure and affective dynamics including depressive, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in BD. These findings underline the increasing importance of assessing personality structure and attachment for diagnosis and treatment planning of BD.

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“…Furthermore, it has been found that depressed individuals, compared to healthy controls, have more indicators of emotion dysregulation when facing social exclusion (e.g. stronger negative mood, more intentions to engage in passive behaviours; Bauriedl-Schmidt et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving emotion regulation of social exclusion in depression-prone individuals: a tDCS study targeting right VLPFC

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2019

Psychol. Med.

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BackgroundGrowing evidence has indicated that right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC) is critical in down-regulating emotional responses to social exclusion, and that depression is accompanied by social emotional dysregulation associated with reduced lateral prefrontal engagement. This study used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine whether stimulating RVLPFC could improve emotional down-regulation of social exclusion in individuals with high depressive mood (DM).MethodsA total of 96 high and 94 low DM individuals received active or sham tDCS while viewing social exclusion or individual negative pictures under no-reappraisal (passive viewing) and reappraisal conditions. Participants rate their negative emotional experience following the presentation of each image. Pupil diameter and visual fixation duration were also recorded during the task.ResultsIt was found that tDCS-activated RVLPFC induced a stronger regulation effect on social exclusion than individual negative emotions. The effect of tDCS on regulation of social exclusion was more pronounced in low v. high DM individuals.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the specific role of RVLPFC on social emotion regulation, which has implications for refining target areas for the treatment of social emotion dysregulation in depression. However the findings do not suggest that high DM individuals benefit from a single-tDCS session on the emotion regulation of social exclusion. Thus we suggest to use multiple tDCS sessions or transcranial magnetic stimulation to further explore the therapeutic proposal in the future.

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Attachment representations, patterns of emotion regulation, and social exclusion in patients with chronic and episodic depression and healthy controls

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment

Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment

Personality Structure and Attachment in Bipolar Disorder

Improving emotion regulation of social exclusion in depression-prone individuals: a tDCS study targeting right VLPFC

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