Attachment behavior of mammals.

Cairns, Robert B.

doi:10.1037/h0023691

Cited by 156 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Other investigators have rejected the need for an attachment bond construct and view attachment in terms of the stimulus-response contingencies within the parent-infant relationship itself (Cairns, 1966(Cairns, , 1972Gewirtz, 1972b;Rosenthal, 1973;Weinraub et a/., 1977). Their focus is on the interactions (or, if you will, the attachment behaviors) of the infant and parent and the various conditions controlling the expression of these interactions.…”

Section: What Is Attachment?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Parent and Infant Attachment in Mammals

Gubernick

1981

Parental Care in Mammals

105

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Section: What Is Attachment?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Parent and Infant Attachment in Mammals

Gubernick

1981

Parental Care in Mammals

105

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“…At the outset the "Black Bag," in fact, attracted a good deal of hostility. Cairns (1966) has recently presented a very convincing argument that the affiliative behavior and social attachments among animals are solely determined by the animals' exposure to one another. Examining evidence on affiliative preferences of animals observed under conditions of inter-and intraspecific cohabitation and of animals deprived of social contact, Cairns concluded that such affiliative preferences vary directly with the length of the association and with the importance of the cues which are generated in the course of the association.…”

Section: The Exposure-attitude Hypothesis and Related Theoretical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.

Zajonc

1968

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

5,185

157

2,971

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The hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it. By "mere" exposure is meant a condition making the stimulus accessible to the individual's perception. Support for the hypothesis consists of 4 types of evidence, presented and reviewed: (a) the correlation between affective connotation of words and word frequency; (b) the effect of experimentally manipulated frequency of exposure upon the affective connotation of nonsense words and symbols; (c) the correlation between word frequency and the attitude to their referents; (d) the effects of experimentally manipulated frequency of exposure on attitude. The relevance for the exposure-attitude hypothesis of the exploration theory and of the semantic satiation findings were examined.

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“…Harthoorn (1975) also found that large doses of tranquillizers were needed to modify stable modes of behaviour in small groups of wild animals. The increased dispersion at the highest dose of Acp may represent the only true antisocial effect observed in this study, as all others (Azp) were (Cairns, 1966) Stimulant effects at low doses, manifested as increased dispersion and movement and decreased shade preference, become depressant effects (decreased dispersion and movement and increased shade preference) at higher doses. Subtle differences in the dose-response curves and kinetics of the two drugs are apparent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Azaperone and Acetylpromazine on Social and Environmental Behaviour in Sheep

Madsen

Syme

1980

British J Pharmacology

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1 Acetylpromazine (Acp, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) and azaperone (Azp, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg/kg) were given by intramuscular injection to separate groups of seven familiar Romney ewes. Thirty minutes after injection the sheep were led into a featureless arena and spatial distribution, activity and shade preference were monitored for 20 min by overhead photography. 2 Behavioural response was complex with both stimulant and depressant effects being seen. The response trends with increasing time for all three measures were significantly different for the two drugs. In particular, Azp tended to increase animal dispersion and Acp to decrease it, in agreement with earlier predictions. 3 The dosage range for Azp was adequate for reduction of individual movement and inter-animal distance but steady state effect was not reached in the time period studied. All doses of Azp initially caused disorientation, as measured by shade preference, but this improved as sedation deepened. 4 The highest dose of Acp (0.5 mg/kg) achieved steady state effect on individual movement within the study period. The three doses of Acp caused either no change or a slight increase in inter-animal distance. Disorientation with Acp was less and briefer than that seen with Azp.

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Attachment behavior of mammals.

Cited by 156 publications

References 71 publications

Parent and Infant Attachment in Mammals

Parent and Infant Attachment in Mammals

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.

Effects of Azaperone and Acetylpromazine on Social and Environmental Behaviour in Sheep

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