The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-level-of-analysis model on toddlers' attachment security toward childcare caregivers and toddlers' attentive behavior and emotion regulation, to determine how attachment, emotion regulation and attention were related. One hundred-forty eight toddlers and their childcare caregivers were examined. Children's ages ranged from 24 to 36 months (M = 33.82; SD = 5.33). Toddlers' attentive behaviors in childcare centers were rated by observers using the Toddler Attention Questionnaire. Toddlers' Attachment behavior and emotion regulation were rated by childcare caregivers using the Attachment Q-Sort and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results of structural equation modeling indicated a good overall fit for the model. Toddlers' attachment to childcare caregivers had a direct effect on emotion regulation, negative lability, and attentive behavior, but not on attentive lability, and had a mediated effect, via emotion regulation, on attentive flexibility.The theory of attachment has increased our understanding to the study of the influence of attachment relationships upon children's emotion regulation and attentive behavior. The contribution of attachment theory is strongly grounded in the description of attachment-related behaviors, which regard the child's pursuit of proximity to an attachment figure. The caregiver represents a haven of safety for dealing with distress Child Ind Res