Attachment and depressive symptoms in middle childhood and early adolescence: Testing the validity of the emotion regulation model of attachment

Brenning, Katrijn; Soenens, Bart; Braet, Caroline; Bosmans, Guy

doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01372.x

Cited by 127 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…More avoidantly attached children are likely to refuse care from attachment figures. Instead, they try to ignore or suppress (negative) emotions (Brenning et al 2012;Brumariu 2015;Cassidy 1994). They more likely avoid situations that elicit negative emotions, but also positive emotions.…”

Section: Moderators and Mechanisms Explaining Links Between Attachmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they tend to heighten their negative emotional states (for example by ruminating about negative emotions or by expressing anger about the attachment figure's failure to be responsive and sensitive) to elicit care (Cassidy 1994). At the same time, any care they receive activates fear to be again disappointed by the caregiver's rejection, abandonment, or neglect (Brenning et al 2012;Cassidy 1994). This has been described as an hyperactivating emotion regulation strategy (Mikulincer and Shaver 2007).…”

Section: Moderators and Mechanisms Explaining Links Between Attachmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Which strategies they develop depends on whether they are more resistant/anxiously or more avoidantly attached (Brenning et al 2012;Brumariu 2015;Cassidy 1994). More resistant or anxiously attached children are more likely to be overwhelmed by negative emotions.…”

Section: Moderators and Mechanisms Explaining Links Between Attachmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

Bosmans

2016

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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Meta-analyses consistently demonstrate that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) provides effective evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents with emotional and behaviour problems. Also consistent across meta-analyses is the observation that CBT treatment effects are often medium in size. This observation has instigated a search for factors that could help explain the limited treatment effects and that could be focused upon to enhance CBT treatment outcomes. The current qualitative review focuses on the parent-child attachment relationship as one factor that could be relevant to enhance CBT treatment effects. This review first acknowledges reasons why CBT has historically not been attracted to attachment theory and its postulates. Second, recent evidence is examined to evaluate whether attachment can be approached from a cognitive schema perspective. Subsequently, research is described showing how restoring attachment relationships could result in large treatment effects. Finally, this evidence is integrated in a model of attachment assessment and intervention that might be compatible with CBT. In sum, this review suggests that restoring trust in insecure parent-child attachment relationships can be integrated within CBT and could contribute to its treatment outcomes.Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is one of the most clearly conceptualized and best-studied therapeutic approaches for treating children and adolescents (e.g. Seligman and Ollendick 2011). Years of research confirm the positive effects of CBT and demonstrate significant reductions in a variety of child and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems (Hofmann et al. 2012). Part of the strength of CBT is its dynamic nature and flexibility to addressing these problems. Consequently, during the past decades, CBT with adults has broadened its treatment emphasis from focusing solely on changing behaviour, to focusing on challenging maladaptive cognitions, and, more recently, to accepting existential emotional distress (e.g. De Houwer et al. 2016). CBT for children and adolescents has roughly followed these developments and benefited from them. This is illustrated by the increasing number of meta-analyses that confirm that CBT provides an effective treatment for a plethora of child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems (e.g. Reynolds et al. 2012).However, meta-analyses also suggest that effect sizes often remain small to medium in size (e.g. Cuijpers et al. 2006;Kazdin 1995;Klein et al. 2007;Reynolds et al. 2012;Silverman et al. 2008;Weisz et al. 2006;Weisz et al. 2013) and that relapse rates following treatment are quite high (e.g. 30-50 % for mood disorders, Lewinsohn et al. 1990;Brent et al. 1999). This suggests that CBT for children and adolescents might benefit from a new conceptualization and expansion of treatment goals. The current literature review aims at providing arguments that one such expansion could be restoring attachment relationships. This paper will discuss the main components of tradition...

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Section: Moderators and Mechanisms Explaining Links Between Attachmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moderators and Mechanisms Explaining Links Between Attachmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

Bosmans

2016

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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“…The null findings at the actor level are consistent with previous research showing inconsistent findings between attachment anxiety and support-seeking (Alexander, Feeney, Hohaus, & Noller, 2001;Berant, Mikulincer, & Florian, 2001;Ognibene & Collins, 1998;Radecki-Bush, Farrell, & Bush, 1993). Thus, it is possible that anxiously attached individuals do not always seek support when distressed as they worry about the availability of the attachment figure due to a history of receiving unpredictable or inconsistent care and support (Ainsworth et al, 1978;Brenning et al, 2012). As previously noted, the significant partner effect was not supported at the correlational level; therefore, it is likely to be the results of a suppression effect in the multiple regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Individuals who are high in attachment anxiety worry about their own value to the attachment figure and about the availability of the attachment figure due to a history of receiving unpredictable or inconsistent care and support (Ainsworth et al, 1978;Brenning, Soenens, Braet, & Bosmans, 2012). Research has found that individuals who are high in anxiety manage distress by using passive, ruminative, and emotion-focused coping strategies (Campbell et al, 2001;Chow & Buhrmester, 2011).…”

Section: Attachment Representations and Co-ruminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Attachment Representations, Rumination, and Trait Depression on Co-Rumination in Friendships: A Dyadic Analysis

Homa

Chow

2014

J. relat. res.

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Over the past decade, researchers have learned a great deal about the outcomes of corumination, or dyadic tendencies in which two members excessively discuss and revisit problems while focusing on negative feelings (Rose, 2002). Research indicates that corumination is linked to closer friendship quality in youths, but also greater emotional disturbance (e.g., depression and anxiety; Rose, 2002;Rose, Carlson & Waller, 2007). Surprisingly, little is known about the predictors of co-rumination. The current study addressed whether attachment, rumination, and trait depression are predictive of corumination. In addition, this research evaluated co-rumination in relation to interdependence theory by proposing that it is subjected to the impacts from both the individuals' and their friend's attachment representations, rumination, and trait depression. It was hypothesized that more anxiously attached, depressive, and ruminative individuals would engage in more co-rumination with a close friend. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that having a friend who is more anxious, more depressive, or more ruminative may drive an individual to engage in more co-rumination. Results revealed that an individual's attachment avoidance was significantly related to their own (actor effect) and their friend's (partner effect) co-rumination. Also, an individual's attachment anxiety was significantly related to their friend's (partner level) co-rumination. Interestingly, gender moderated the effect of attachment avoidance on co-rumination at the actor and partner levels and gender moderated the effect of attachment anxiety on corumination at the partner level. Furthermore, an interaction emerged between friendship duration and trait depression on co-rumination at the actor level. Considering the adjustment trade-offs of co-rumination, it is important to understand the predictors of corumination as well as the consequences of it in order to effectively apply intervention efforts. Thus, the findings from the current study have significant practical implications. Furthermore, evidence from this study advances previous research that has primarily gathered information from only one friend, despite the dyadic nature of the construct.

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The Development of Coping: Implications for Psychopathology and Resilience

Zimmer‐Gembeck

Skinner

2016

Developmental Psychopathology

176

191

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The goal of this chapter is to review conceptual and empirical progress in the study of the development of coping and to identify important ways in which this work may be useful to researchers studying the development of psychopathology and resilience. We divide the review into three sections. We first summarize perspectives that identify coping as a transactional process, reviewing theory and research on how individual differences in stress appraisals, coping, and emotional responses are linked to psychopathology and adaptive functioning. In the second section coping is described as a fundamental human adaptive process that involves the regulation of multiple subsystems (like emotion and attention) that are activated by stress. In this section, agegraded developments in multiple ways of coping are considered in order to bring structure to research on the negative and positive outcomes of coping for human adaptation, psychopathology, and resilience. In the third section, coping is considered as an integral part of developmental cascades that contribute to psychopathology and resilience. We review research on how coping is associated with temperament, attachment, and parenting to identify examples of underlying risk and protective factors. These factors likely play a role in developmental cascades that mark and contribute to psychopathology and resilience. We end with suggestions for future research and highlight some translational implications of research.

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Attachment and depressive symptoms in middle childhood and early adolescence: Testing the validity of the emotion regulation model of attachment

Cited by 127 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

Effects of Attachment Representations, Rumination, and Trait Depression on Co-Rumination in Friendships: A Dyadic Analysis

The Development of Coping: Implications for Psychopathology and Resilience

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