Atrioventricular septal defects: Natural history, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and radiographic findings in 26 cats

Schrope, Donald P.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2013.06.004

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Ventricular ectopy, noted in the final cardiac examination prior to death, might support this hypothesis. This is also consistent with a case series of cats with atrioventricular septal defect, in which 5 of 26 cats experienced a sudden death presumed to be secondary to a fatal arrhythmia at between 14 and 68 months of age (Schrope 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a cat with non‐restrictive ventricular septal defect and chronic pulmonary hypertension

Russell

Scansen

Himmel

2015

J of Small Animal Practice

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A 10-week-old, male, domestic long-hair cat was medically managed for congenital heart disease over a period of 8 years. Regular clinical examinations, including sequential echocardiography, documented a non-restrictive paramembranous ventricular septal defect, secundum-type atrial septal defect and aortic dextroposition. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was diagnosed by the presence of high-velocity tricuspid regurgitation, bidirectional low velocity flow across the ventricular septal defect, pulmonary arterial dilation and severe right ventricular hypertrophy without evidence of pulmonary outflow tract obstruction. The cat remained clinically stable until it died suddenly at 8 years of age. Histopathology of the lungs found evidence of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. Despite severe pulmonary vascular lesions, other post-mortem evidence of right heart failure was lacking and death was attributed to a fatal cardiac arrhythmia. In this case report of a cat with chronic pulmonary hypertension over 8 years, plexogenic lesions were found on histopathology. The microscopic findings resemble those previously reported in dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a cat with non‐restrictive ventricular septal defect and chronic pulmonary hypertension

Russell

Scansen

Himmel

2015

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…16 Affected humans and animals may develop clinical signs in childhood, adulthood, or may remain subclinical. 17,18 Given that histopathology of major abdominal organs also revealed pathologic changes, most likely secondary to cardiac disorders, the authors suggest, that in this case, the cardiac malformation was responsible for the congestive heart failure and death of the rabbit. Since histopathology of the lungs was not performed, it is not possible to have a definitive confirmation that the rabbit in this report suffered pulmonary edema.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

First Description of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect in a Rabbit

Girolamo¹,

Palmieri

Toaldo³

et al. 2018

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

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Congenital heart diseases have rarely been described in rabbits. The purpose of the present case report is to describe the clinical, radiological, echocardiographic and pathological features of a partial atrioventricular septal defect in a pet rabbit. A 3-month-old 380-gram male vaccinated pet rabbit was presented for decreased activity, increased respiratory rate and effort, anorexia and decreased fecal output of two days of duration. Total body radiographic images revealed severe cardiomegaly associated with enlarged caudal pulmonary vessels and increased interstitial to alveolar lung pattern. Echocardiographic imaging showed evidence of distended heart chambers, abnormal flow through the atria, and mitral valve

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“…An atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) is a rare congenital disorder of the heart characterized by an ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD), alterations of the ventricular septum, like ventricular septal defect (VSD), and defects in the atrioventricular valves (AV) [1]. It occurs due to the failure of the development of the endocardial cushions during embryogenesis and the persistence of a primitive single AV canal [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An AVCD may be partial (incomplete), transient or intermediate, transitional or complete. The difference between them also reflects the severity of the defect [1][2][3][4]. The complete variety results from concurrent large ASD and VSD (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of a complete atrioventricular canal defect in a ferret

et al. 2021

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Background Atrioventricular canal defect is a rare congenital disorder of the heart and describes the presence of an atrial septal defect, a variable presentation of ventricular septal alterations including ventricular septal defect malformations in the mitral and tricuspid valves. The defect has been described in human beings, dogs, cats, pigs, and horses. Case presentation This paper describes the case of a complete atrioventricular canal defect in a four-year-old intact male pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo), which was presented due to posterior weakness, ataxia, and decreased appetite. A loud systolic murmur, dyspnea, and hind limb paraparesis were detected during the clinical examination. Thoracic radiographs showed generalized cardiomegaly and lung edema. ECG showed sinus rhythm with prolonged P waves and QRS complexes. Echocardiography showed a large atrial septal defect, atrioventricular dysplasia, and a ventricular septal defect. Palliative treatment with oxygen, furosemide, spironolactone, enalapril, diltiazem, and supportive care was chosen as the therapy of choice. The ferret recovered gradually during hospitalization. A follow-up examination at three and six months showed stabilization of cardiac function. Conclusions To the authors knowledge, this is the first time an atrioventricular canal defect has been described in a pet ferret.

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Atrioventricular septal defects: Natural history, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and radiographic findings in 26 cats

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a cat with non‐restrictive ventricular septal defect and chronic pulmonary hypertension

Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a cat with non‐restrictive ventricular septal defect and chronic pulmonary hypertension

First Description of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect in a Rabbit

A case of a complete atrioventricular canal defect in a ferret

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