Atrial myocarditis as a cause of sinus arrest in a dog

Woolley, Richard; Blundell, Renald; Else, R. W.; Corcoran, Brendan; Devine, Craig; French, Anne

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00256.x

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When the inflammation occurs in other parts of the heart, the intensity of the infiltration in ventricles is weaker than in the atria [5,6,9]. This was also noted in the specimens we examined in this study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Acute myocardial inflammation in dogs is most frequently associated with various types of heart block, including 2 nd and 3 rd degree atrioventricular and sinus blocks [5,6,9]. None of the dogs in the described group demonstrated conduction blocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cases of conduction block in dogs, inflammation (mainly lymphocytic infiltrates) of variable intensity is situated within the heart conduction system [5,6,9]. When the inflammation occurs in other parts of the heart, the intensity of the infiltration in ventricles is weaker than in the atria [5,6,9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMyocarditis is a disease caused by numerous etiological factors and characterized by a non-specific course. The only method allowing for precise characterization of inflammatory changes is the histopathological examination of heart muscle specimens. The study was conducted on heart muscle preparations from 11 dogs with ante-mortem diagnosis of cardiac disease. Animals presented with a poor response to an applied treatment or had suspected sudden cardiac death. The heart specimens were taken post-mortem, preserved and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Subsequently, the presence and intensity of changes, i.e. inflammatory infiltration, the amount of connective tissue and features of cardiomyocyte degeneration were estimated. The specimens from dogs suspected of having a myocarditis of bacteriological etiology underwent additional bacteriological and immunohistochemical examination.ResultsThe examination revealed an inflammatory infiltration of variable intensity combined with the degenerative changes in all dogs. There were vegetative and abnormal cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in 6 dogs. A Staphylococcus aureus infection was confirmed in one dog and an acute coronary syndrome with neutrophil infiltration was revealed in another one.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical pattern in patients with myocarditis is diverse, the definitive morphological diagnosis is made based on the histopathological examination. This examination can lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of myocarditis combined with the presence of spore forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the heart specimens of dogs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13620-014-0028-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

et al. 2014

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“…However, an expressive amount of dogs were shown to have sinus arrest, which may explain the pauses frequently auscultated in these animals (Ohara 2007), but is uncommonly associated with myocarditis (Woolley et al 2007). Paroxysmal sinus arrest may be a normal finding in brachycephalic dogs, attributable to the increase in vagal tone that accompanies inspiration, leading to an exaggerated sinus arrhythmia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myocarditis itself may be caused by several other conditions, including toxins, direct invasion of myocardial tissue, and immune-mediated damage, resulting in focal or diffuse involvement of the cardiac tissue. Its clinical manifestations depend on the extent of the lesions, but generally are characterized by varying rhythm disturbances (Kittleson & Kienle 1998), including malignant arrhythmias causing sudden death (Woolley et al 2007). As shown previously, this investigation only recorded minor rhythm disturbances, although the electrocardiograms disclosed changes suggestive of left atrium and ventricle enlargements and hypoxia, as determined by enlarged P waves and QRS complexes, and spiked T waves, according to comparisons with the normal standards for similarly--sized dogs (Wolf et al 2000, Tilley & Burtnick 2004, Artese 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the electrocardiogram in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2013

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(5): 643-647, maio 2013 643 RESUMO.-[Avaliação do eletrocardiograma em cães com leishmaniose visceral.] Devido à identificação prévia de miocardite e arritmias tanto em seres humanos quanto em cães portadores de leishmaniose, 105 cães com sorologia positiva para tal enfermidade tiveram seus eletrocardiogramas avaliados quanto à presença de distúrbios do ritmo e alterações nas ondas eletrocardiográficas. Poucas variações expressivas foram observadas, exceto parada sinusal, bloqueio de ramo direito e complexos atriais prematuros em 14,3%, 4,8%, e 4,8% dos pacientes estudados, respectivamente. Ademais, a análise do ECG demonstrou alterações sugestivas de sobrecarga do átrio e do ventrículo esquerdos e hipóxia do miocárdio. Embora o comprometimento cardíaco em cães com leishmaniose já tenha sido demonstrado anteriormente, apenas uma pequena parte dos cães avaliados apresentou alteração no eletrocardiograma, não sendo possível correlacionar com a ocorrência de miocardite nesta pesquisa. As myocarditis and arrhythmias have been shown to occur in both human beings and dogs with leishmaniasis, electrocardiograms of 105 dogs serologically positive for this disease were assessed for rhythm disturbances and changes in ECG waves. A few expressive alterations were seen, including sinus arrest, right bundle branch block, and atrial premature beats in 14.3%, 4.8%, and 4.8% of the studied subjects, respectively. Also, the analysis of ECG waves showed changes suggestive of left atrium and ventricle enlargements, and myocardial hypoxia in some animals. Although cardiac compromise has been previously reported in dogs with leishmaniasis, only a small subset of dogs showed any alteration in the electrocardiogram, which cannot support the occurrence of myocarditis in this investigation.

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A Rare Case of Isolated Atrial Myocarditis Causing Death With no Post Mortem Computed Tomography Scan Correlation

Tse¹,

Garland²,

Kesha³

et al. 2018

Am J Forensic Med Pathol

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Acute myocarditis is a potentially fatal cardiac pathology that is thought to cause sudden death through arrhythmia and cardiac failure. Of the different subtypes, lymphocytic myocarditis is the most common form. The pathophysiology of myocarditis can be generally diffuse or focally involve the ventricles, but less frequently affects the atria. Although the clinical literature reports isolated atrial myocarditis as a cause of atrial fibrillation and enlargement, there is scant postmortem literature on the findings of this pathology. We report a fatal case of isolated lymphocytic atrial myocarditis affecting only the left atrium in a 56-year-old man, where microscopy of the left atrium confirmed a florid lymphocytic myocarditis. Retrospective postmortem computed tomography scan review did not show any abnormalities on the left atrial wall.

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Atrial myocarditis as a cause of sinus arrest in a dog

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

Myocarditis in dogs: etiology, clinical and histopathological features (11 cases: 2007–2013)

Assessment of the electrocardiogram in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

A Rare Case of Isolated Atrial Myocarditis Causing Death With no Post Mortem Computed Tomography Scan Correlation

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