Atrazine toxicity to submersed vascular plants in simulated estuarine microcosms

Correll, David L.; Wu, Tung L.

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(82)90094-8

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Commonly cited factors include disease (Short et al 1988), herbicides (Correll and Wu 1982), excessive growth of epiphytes caused by allocthonous nutrient loading (Twilley et al 1985), and reduction of water-column transparency (Dennison 1987;Giesen et al 1990). The latter two factors directly affect the light available at the surface of the plant leaf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Habitat Requirements of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Role of Optical Models

Gallegos

1994

Estuaries

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A model of the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance was constructed for Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, and the Rhode River, Maryland. The model is written in terms of absorption spectra of dissolved yellow substance, the chlorophyll-specific absorption of phytoplankton, and absorption and scattering by particulate matter (expressed as turbidity). Based on published light requirements for submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, the model is used to calculate the range of water-quality conditions that permit survival of SAV at various depths. Because the model is spectrally based, it can be used to calculate the attenuation of either photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, equally weighted quanta from 400 nm to 700 nm) or photosynthetically a.mble radiation (PUR, the integral of the quantum spectrum weighted by the pigment absorption spectrum of SAV). PUR is a more accurate measurement of light that can be absorbed by SAV and it is more strongly affected by phytoplankton chlorophyll in the water column than is PAR. For estuaries in which light attenuation is dominated by turbidity and chlorophyll, the model delimits regions in which turbidity alone (chlorophyll < 10 pg I-'), chlorophyll alone (turbidity < 1 NTU) or both factors (chlorophyll > 10 ug ll', turbidity > 1 NTU) must be reduced to improve survival depths for SAV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Habitat Requirements of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Role of Optical Models

Gallegos

1994

Estuaries

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“…The photosynthetic stress hypothesis is strengthened by ten publications (Table 2) observing oxygen production alteration [69][70][71] and especially oxygen production stimulation for low atrazine concentration (75µg/L) for EC50 at 320µg/L [69]. In the same way (and at same scale, leading to suggest that it is the same phenomenon but with a different descriptor), photosynthesis alteration [72] reaches 120µg/L for immediate (2h) IC50 [42] when pigments, chlorophyll and fluorescence are altered from 10µg/L [73,74].…”

Section: Predominant Pesticide Effects Applied To Seagrass Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thalassia testudinum Oxygen production 40h, 88h 320 (EC50) [71] Zostera marina Oxygen production 24h 100i, 1000ti [70] Zostera marina Oxygen production 21-42d 75e, 650i [69] Zostera marina Adenine nucleotides 6h, 21d 10, 100 [76] Growth Mortality Zostera marina Growth 10-40d 1900 (first effect, whole plant) [ Table 2. Example of toxic effect concentrations reported for atrazine and seagrasses.…”

Section: Test Species Response Parameters Test Duration Effect Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some remarks are necessary: (1) like for many environmental monitoring, metrology improvement since decades enhances phenomena perception: concentrations reached 30 years ago could be regarded as overestimated, (2) interspecies heterogeneity could be important: Halodule wrightii growth is enhanced at 120µg/L [75] when, at the same concentration Ruppia maritima photosynthesis IC50 is reached [42] and Zostera marina presents mortalities [76] (3) Zostera marina mortalities [76] are noted for concentrations considered as stimulating [69], but in the second case after much more exposition time, (5) the effect is less and recovery is greater in situ [74].…”

Section: Test Species Response Parameters Test Duration Effect Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbicide Impact on Seagrass Communities

Devault¹,

Pascaline²

2013

Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use

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“…On the other hand there were new results on pesticide inputs to the German Bight in 1991 (Bester and Hühner-fuss 1993). Also there were results from the Chesapeake Bay area showing that seagrass may be influenced by herbicides (Correll and Wu 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pesticides on seagrass beds

Bester

2000

Helgoland Marine Research

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In the German Wadden Sea there has been a remarkable decline in seagrass beds. It was the aim of this study to test whether herbicide contamination could be a reason for this. Concentrations of triazine herbicides such as atrazine, simazine and terbutylazine as well as phenylurea herbicides were measured in Wadden Sea sediments within or in the neighbourhood of seagrass meadows. Sediments were thus used as a marker for medium-term contamination of the Wadden Sea. The respective concentrations were examined in relation to the density and status of the seagrass meadows. Preliminary results show that there may be a connection between seagrass decline and herbicide contamination in the parts of the Wadden Sea sampled. A comparison with other contamination is also given.Key words Wadden Sea · Seagrass beds · Herbicides · Zostera noltii · Sediments IntroductionSeveral millions of tons of pesticides are applied to fields annually world-wide (Bucheli et al. 1997;Müller et al. 1997) while about 30,000 t is used in each Germany and the Netherlands (Statistisches Bundesamt 1990;de Jong et al. 1995). Among these, herbicides are the most prominent followed by fungicides, while insecticides are less likely to be used in central and northern Europe, due to climatic conditions. It is estimated that about 1% of the pesticides applied reach the sea via rivers and the atmosphere (Bester 1996;Müller et al. 1997).About 600-800 t of pesticides thus reach the Wadden Sea annually. Some of these pesticides may have an effect on the marine ecosystems as has been shown in the case of atrazine affecting phytoplankton (Bester et al. 1995).Modern pesticides have different characteristics from the traditional ones such as like DDT and HCH. They have a low pK ow (2-4) and thus show little tendency to bioaccumulation. They are comparatively hydrophilic and polar and bind to sediment, which can be clay as well as organic material, via hydrogen bonds. Herbicides like the triazine pesticides (see Fig. 1) inhibit photosystem II, and by this mechanism they are able to have effects on all plants such as phytoplankton or possibly seagrass (Zostera noltii). These compounds can also be transformed to carcinogenic N-nitroso-derivatives. Little is known about the effects of the respective metabolites that have also been detected in the environment. In a political context it is interesting to note that though some derivatives (e.g. simazine and atrazine) are banned in Germany, there are dozens of derivatives of triazines and phenylureas (see Fig. 2) that are legally used in the EU.As the seagrasses have been diminished in the past (since 1970; see Kastler and Michaelis 1999) several reasons for this change have been discussed. While in some

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Atrazine toxicity to submersed vascular plants in simulated estuarine microcosms

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Refining Habitat Requirements of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Role of Optical Models

Refining Habitat Requirements of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Role of Optical Models

Herbicide Impact on Seagrass Communities

Effects of pesticides on seagrass beds

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