Atrazine Sorption by a Mineral Soil:  Effects of Soil Size Fractions and Temperature

Li, Jinhe; Langford, Cooper H.; Gamble, Donald S.

doi:10.1021/jf950501h

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…This indicates that at warmer temperatures more 14 C residue was able to become bound or nonextractable with time, leaving less available to diffuse into the water column (Mersie et al, 1998a). These results are consistent with Li et al (1996) in which irreversible uptake was characterized by an effective diffusion coefficient (D) that increased by a factor of 40 from 5 to 35 °C. The compounds are becoming sequestered in inaccessible microsites within the sediment matrix (Alexander, 1995).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Seybold

Mersie

McName

et al. 1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Through water erosion and runoff, sediment-adsorbed atrazine can undergo sedimentation and accumulation at the bottom of water bodies and become potential sources of atrazine to the water column. The purpose of this study is to determine the fate and release of atrazine ((14)C) to the water column from two simulated undisturbed submerged sediments at two temperature treatments (5 and 24 degrees C) over a 2-year period. Atrazine residue ((14)C) was released from the two sediments and was, primarily, diffusing from the sediment pore water to the water columns. The amount released was affected by sediment type and is related to the sediment's adsorption/desorption capacity. Larger amounts of residue ((14)C) were released to the water columns at 5 degrees C than at 24 degrees C. Atrazine degraded in the shallow submerged anaerobic sediment's water columns over the 2-year period. Less than 2% (percent of applied in atrazine equivalent) of extractable atrazine and metabolites remained in the sediment after 2 years. The amount of nonextractable atrazine residue ((1)(4)C) was significantly higher in sediments at 24 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. In conclusion, atrazine accumulating in shallow undisturbed submerged sediments from nonpoint sources would most likely degrade and/or become nonextractable over time and would have a low probability of becoming a significant source to the water body. The conditions where accumulation and future release of atrazine have a greater potential to occur are under very cold temperatures with low adsorption capacity sediments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Seybold

Mersie

McName

et al. 1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Either they do not degrade at all or their half-lives are very large under measured aquifer conditions. Degradation of atrazine in soils is studied by numerous authors (Agertved et al, 1992;Li et al, 1996;Beck & Jones, 1996) and is microbiologically triggered. However, at greater depths persistence increases as described by Fomsgaard (1995) for the subsoil and by Klint et al (1993) for certain aquifer environments, which can possibly attributed to lower microbial activities with increasing depths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the contamination risk of five pesticides in a phreatic aquifer based on microcosm experiments and transport modelling at Sint-Jansteen (Zeeland, the Netherlands)

Gaus

Casteele

2004

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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The risk of five pesticides (atrazine, simazine, bentazone, mecoprop and MCPA) contaminating a Quaternary phreatic aquifer (the water supply area of Sint-Jansteen, the Netherlands) is assessed based on laboratory experiments and solute transport modelling (MODFLOW-MT3D). Batch experiments either show long half-lives (at least 1500 days) or no degradation at all for bentazone, atrazine and simazine while mecoprop and especially MCPA degrade much faster (half-lives down to 4.1 days). Column experiments show significant sorption to the aquifer sediment only for atrazine and simazine under certain circumstances. A series of experiments were conducted during which the type of the sediment, the grain size, the content of the organic matter and the acidity of the groundwater were varied. These experimental results were subsequently incorporated in a solute transport model for the aquifer resulting in the following ranking of the contamination risk for the selected pesticides (from low to high): MCPA, mecoprop, simazine, atrazine, bentazone.This ranking was confirmed by observed pesticide concentrations in samples taken from piezometers and extraction wells from the aquifer.

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“…These results indicate that herbicide concentrations were greatest on wind-erodible sediments regardless of incorporation treatment. Both Novak et al (1994) and Li et al (1996) also reported unequal herbicide distribution across size fractions after application. This can be explained partially by examining the surface area to volume ratio of different size fractions (Figure 1).…”

Section: Incorporation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide concentration and dissipation from surface wind-erodible soil

2001

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Soil lost through wind erosion may transport herbicides to nontarget areas. Shallow incorporation may reduce herbicide concentrations at the soil surface, thereby reducing loss on wind-erodible sediment (particles and aggregates less than 1 mm in diameter). Atrazine, alachlor, and acetochlor concentrations on and dissipation rates from surface wind-erodible sediment and larger size fractions from two soil types in undisturbed and incorporated (5 cm deep) treatments were compared. The surface 1 cm of soil was removed by vacuum 1, 7, and 21 d after herbicide treatment (DAT). This soil was dry-sieved into six size fractions (four fractions considered wind-erodible and two larger size fractions), and herbicide concentrations were determined on each size fraction. About 50% of the recovered material was classified as wind erodible sediment. Incorporation reduced herbicide concentrations on all size fractions and results were similar between soil types. Wind-erodible sediments from undisturbed and incorporated treatments contained about 65 and 8% of the applied herbicides, respectively, 1 DAT. Herbicide concentrations were similar among size fractions within a treatment 7 and 21 DAT; however, incorporation reduced soil herbicide concentrations from 50 to 80% compared to concentrations on soil from undisturbed areas. Shallow incorporation did not affect weed control ratings measured 30 DAT or herbicide dissipation. However, 50% dissipation rates (DT50) for each herbicide were about 15 d for wind-erodible sediments and ranged from 30 to 55 d for size fractions ≥1.68 mm.

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Atrazine Sorption by a Mineral Soil: Effects of Soil Size Fractions and Temperature

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Assessing the contamination risk of five pesticides in a phreatic aquifer based on microcosm experiments and transport modelling at Sint-Jansteen (Zeeland, the Netherlands)

Herbicide concentration and dissipation from surface wind-erodible soil

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Atrazine Sorption by a Mineral Soil: Effects of Soil Size Fractions and Temperature

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Release of Atrazine (14C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Release of Atrazine (14C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Assessing the contamination risk of five pesticides in a phreatic aquifer based on microcosm experiments and transport modelling at Sint-Jansteen (Zeeland, the Netherlands)

Herbicide concentration and dissipation from surface wind-erodible soil

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Product

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Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period

Release of Atrazine (¹⁴C) from Two Undisturbed Submerged Sediments over a Two-Year Period