Atrazine and nitrate in drinking water and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in four Midwestern states

Stayner, Leslie T.; Almberg, K.S.; Jones, Rachael M.; Graber, Judith M.; Pedersen, Marie; Turyk, Mary E.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.022

Cited by 116 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, two recent studies show an association between nitrate in drinking water and cancer, in particular colorectal cancer [6], and bladder cancer [7]. There is also evidence that nitrate in drinking water may be associated with an increased risk of birth defects [8] and other adverse reproductive outcomes [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on seasonal variation of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water are few. A study conducted in four Midwestern United States found seasonal patterns in nitrate-nitrite concentrations in drinking water, with the highest concentrations observed in winter and early spring [9]. Stayner and colleagues [9] also point to the possibility of water supply managers deliberately sampling at times of especially high or low concentrations, reducing the representativeness of the data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted in four Midwestern United States found seasonal patterns in nitrate-nitrite concentrations in drinking water, with the highest concentrations observed in winter and early spring [9]. Stayner and colleagues [9] also point to the possibility of water supply managers deliberately sampling at times of especially high or low concentrations, reducing the representativeness of the data. Another study of 853 wells in the Midwestern United States concluded that a single measurement of nitrate was representative for longer periods of exposure [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Schullehner

Stayner

2017

IJERPH

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Accurate assessments of exposure to nitrate in drinking water is a crucial part of epidemiological studies investigating long-term adverse human health effects. However, since drinking water nitrate measurements are usually collected for regulatory purposes, assumptions on (1) the intra-distribution system variability and (2) short-term (seasonal) concentration variability have to be made. We assess concentration variability in the distribution system of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium, and seasonal variability in all Danish public waterworks from 2007 to 2016. Nitrate concentrations at the exit of the waterworks are highly correlated with nitrate concentrations within the distribution net or at the consumers’ taps, while nitrite and ammonium concentrations are generally lower within the net compared with the exit of the waterworks due to nitrification. However, nitrification of nitrite and ammonium in the distribution systems only results in a relatively small increase in nitrate concentrations. No seasonal variation for nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium was observed. We conclude that nitrate measurements taken at the exit of the waterworks are suitable to calculate exposures for all consumers connected to that waterworks and that sampling frequencies in the national monitoring programme are sufficient to describe temporal variations in longitudinal studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Schullehner

Stayner

2017

IJERPH

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“…The most commonly used herbicide, atrazine, has been extensively monitored in the whole world, contaminating plants, soil, water resources [1, 2]. Atrazine, with a half-life of 30-740 days [3], is very stable in the environment due to little loss by volatilization, low sediment partitioning, and relatively slow rates of degradation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel mechanism underlies atrazine toxicity in quails (Coturnix Coturnix coturnix): triggering ionic disorder via disruption of ATPases

Lin

Qin

et al. 2016

Oncotarget

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The widely used atrazine has been reported to exhibit extensive ecological hazards. Due to the biological accumulation, atrazine elicits widespread toxic effects on different organisms. However, true proof for the mechanism of atrazine-induced toxicity is lacking. To determine the potential mechanism by which atrazine exerted toxic effects, quails were treated with atrazine (0, 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) by gavage administration for 45 days. Atrazine significantly increased the histological alterations and serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and choline esterase levels. A marked disorder in ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+)contents and the decrease of ATPases (Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities were observed in the heart and liver of atrazine-exposed quails. Of note, it was also observed that atrazine suppressed the transcription of Na+, K+ transfer associated genes (Na+-K+-ATPase subunits) and Ca2+ transfer associated genes (Ca2+-ATPase subunits, solute carriers) in heart and liver. In conclusion, atrazine induced cardiac and hepatic damage via causing the ionic disorder, triggering the transcription of the ion transporters and leading the histopathological and functional alternations in the heart and liver of quails. This study demonstrated atrazine significantly induced the ionic disorder via decreasing the ATPases activities and disturbing the transcription of the ion transporters.

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“…Studies carried out in Asia [6], Europe [7][8] and the USA [9] show that pesticides and their degradation products are often detected in surface water, in some cases at levels exceeding the maximum individual limit (0.1 µg L -1 ) established by the European Commission (EC) for drinking water [10]. Therefore, various countries around the world have developed monitoring programs to evaluate the level of pesticide contamination in bodies of water, taking the measures necessary to minimize the impact of these substances on the environment and protect the quality of water resources [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pesticides in River Surface Waters of Central Chile Using Spe-Gc-MS Multi-Residue Method

Climent

Sánchez-Martín

Rodríguez‐Cruz

et al. 2018

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In areas with agricultural activity, the excessive use of pesticides can contaminate water resources. That is why a multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (GS-MS) was used to determine eleven pesticides and five degradation products in surface water of Central Chile. The parameters that can affect the efficiency of the SPE process were optimized considering the information available in bibliography. As in other studies, the best results were obtained when 500 mL of water was pre-concentrated using Oasis HLB polymer cartridges and acetone and acetonitrile were used as solvents for the elution. To ensure good quantification, matrix-matched standards were used, providing good linearity in the studied concentration range (0.10-1.5 µg L -1 ), with recovery percentages > 60%, precisions < 19% and quantification limits < 0.1 µg L -1 . The surface water samples were collected at the end of summer and winter seasons, considering rivers, creeks and irrigation canals of Cachapoal River basin. A percentage > 87% of the pesticides analyzed in this research were detected in more than one sampled site in both seasons. The most ubiquitous compounds were desethylterbuthylazine (DET), pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and diazinon, and the compounds detected in highest concentration were simazine and degradation products derived from triazines. Las Cabras and Tahuilla irrigation canals presented the highest concentrations of pesticides. Significant differences were found in the total concentration of pesticides for sites sampled at the end of the summer and winter season.

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Atrazine and nitrate in drinking water and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in four Midwestern states

Cited by 116 publications

References 44 publications

Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

A novel mechanism underlies atrazine toxicity in quails (Coturnix Coturnix coturnix): triggering ionic disorder via disruption of ATPases

Determination of Pesticides in River Surface Waters of Central Chile Using Spe-Gc-MS Multi-Residue Method

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