ATR-FTIR Study of Alaska Yellow Cedar Extractives and Relationship with Their Natural Durability

Lipeh, Shahlinney; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Mankowski, Mark E.; McDonald, Armando G.; Morrell, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.3390/f12121692

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy, are also emerging to effectively categorize decay resistance owing to the shift of timber utilization towards plantations or native forest regrowth (Lipeh et al, 2021).…”

Section: Butt Middle Topmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While laboratory test results are hardly transferable to real life situations, field tests ensure more realistic conditions. For example, natural weathering and detoxification of biocidal compounds through 'non-target-organisms' is certain only under outdoor field exposure (Meyer et al, 2014;Lipeh et al, 2021). Besides, novel non-destructive technologies, such as Attenuated Total…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biological Resistance of Coppiced and Non-Coppiced Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir.) in the Field and Their Technological Performance

ANTHONIO

Antwi‐Boasiako

2023

Preprint

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Rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus) timber is highly sought-after for furniture and building purposes due to its qualitative properties including durability. It coppices easily, which offers an essential strategy in curbing timber over-exploitation towards sustainable management. Mass loss, together with visual durability rating, was adopted in assessing the natural durability within the coppiced rosewood. Mass loss increased (i.e., durability decreased) up the coppiced (4.96±0 - 40±0.9%) and non-coppiced boles (2.9±0.06 - 15±0%), being greater for the coppiced trees (4.96± 0 - 40±0.9%) than the non-coppiced (2.9 ±0.06 - 15±0%) and for sapwoods [i.e., 26±0.3 - 40±0.9% (coppiced) and 14±0.03 - 15±0% (non-coppiced)] than the heartwoods [i.e., 4.96±0 - 5.3±0% (coppiced) and 2.9±0.06 - 5±0.07% (non-coppiced)] of both trees. The differences were significant (p˂0.05). Heartwoods and sapwoods along the boles of each tree type would be rated very durable (0-5%) and moderately durable (11-40%) respectively. Due to their great durability, both wood types would be widely suitable for several engineering applications. Thus, promotion of the coppiced P. erinaceus wood production would supplement the use of its non-coppiced counterpart to increase the wood market base.

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Section: Butt Middle Topmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Resistance of Coppiced and Non-Coppiced Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir.) in the Field and Their Technological Performance

ANTHONIO

Antwi‐Boasiako

2023

Preprint

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“…FT-IR spectroscopic analysis is a powerful tool for exploring the effects of fungal activity on various wood components, especially the three main polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Attempts to use this technique to examine extractives content have proven more challenging (Lipeh et al 2019).…”

Section: Ft-ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FT-IR spectra contain a wealth of information on wood structure, primarily focusing on the three primary polymers. For the purposes of discussion, baseline corrected peak heights were used to establish ratios between specific elements of the spectra (Faix 1992, Lipeh et al 2019, Pandey and Pitman 2003. Spectra were only examined for samples that had been autoclaved prior to exposure in the decay test with or without the test fungus.…”

Section: Ft-ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in decay resistance of Cryptomeria fortunei

Morrell

et al. 2023

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Cryptomeria fortunei has been widely planted in many cities in southern China. Eventually some of this material may be utilized for timber, but there are relatively few studies of durability of this resource. There is also some question as to whether Cryptomeria fortunei is a synonym for Cryptomeria japonica or Japanese cedar (Sugi). Evaluating the durability of the Chinese resource will help ensure that the decay resistance of this urban plantation resource is properly categorized. The decay resistance of Cryptomeria fortunei wood was assessed in soil block and agar block tests against Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta. Hot water and ethanol extractive contents of the heartwood were determined on sections from various distances above ground and then FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the wood before and after fungal exposure. Weight losses in sapwood were consistent with the minimal decay resistance of this portion of the wood. Inner and outer heartwood weight losses were more variable suggesting that the heartwood of this species would be considered to be only moderately durable. Extractives were weakly correlated with decay resistance. FTIR results were more variable, although they suggested heavier attack of lignin components by the brown rot fungi. The results suggest that Cryptomeria fortunei would need to be protected from the weather unless supplemental preservative treatments were applied.

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“…Alaska yellow cedar contains extractives from the tropolone group including nootkatin, as well as carvacrol, which is a terpenoid (Kelsey et al 2005;Manter et al 2007;Karchesy et al 2018). Typically, extractive contents higher than 1% to 2% have been associated with high durability in this species (Lipeh et al 2018). Even dead standing Alaska yellow cedar trees appear to contain elevated levels of carvacrol decades after dying (Kelsey et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of carvacrol content in Alaska yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) extractives

Lipeh

Schimleck

Morrell

2019

BioRes

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Extractives, such as carvacrol, play a major role in the durability of Alaska yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) heartwood. However, it is a slow and complicated process to identify the levels of these compounds in individual timbers. This study investigated the feasibility of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), for detecting carvacrol in wood. Alaska yellow cedar was extracted using sequential Soxhlet extraction with toluene-ethanol, followed by ethanol and hot water. The extracted samples were milled, and the powders were treated with different concentrations of carvacrol. The spectral analysis of the wood that contained carvacrol was conducted using ATR-FTIR and NIR spectroscopy, and the peaks indicative of carvacrol were identified. The chemometric analysis on the spectral data using PCA and HCA distinguished the wood with high (> 34%) and low (< 3.5%) carvacrol concentrations. The results suggest that infrared spectroscopy can be a non-destructive tool for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of extractives, and possibly for the rapid assessment of Alaska yellow cedar durability.

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ATR-FTIR Study of Alaska Yellow Cedar Extractives and Relationship with Their Natural Durability

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Biological Resistance of Coppiced and Non-Coppiced Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir.) in the Field and Their Technological Performance

Biological Resistance of Coppiced and Non-Coppiced Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir.) in the Field and Their Technological Performance

Variations in decay resistance of Cryptomeria fortunei

Determination of carvacrol content in Alaska yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) extractives

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