ATR-FTIR and FT Raman spectroscopy and laser cleaning of old paper samples with foxings

Брандт, Н.Н.; Chikishev, A. Yu.; Itoh, Koichi; Rebrikova, N. L.

doi:10.1134/s1054660x09030220

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the 1,650 cm −1 region, H–O–H bending vibrations of adsorbed water molecules is expected (Proniewicz et al, 2002). A broad band peak at about 3,300 cm −1 corresponds to the O–H stretching mode of cellulose/water molecules, whereas a peak in the range 2,800–3,000 cm −1 corresponds to the C–H stretching vibrations of cellulose (Brandt et al, 2009; Manente et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper samples were positioned on the surface of the sample holder, in direct contact with the diamond crystal, and were subjected to some pressure. The identification of paper components and detection of microbial presence were carried out by comparing the main features of the obtained spectra with published data (Derrick et al, 1999;Proniewicz et al, 2001Proniewicz et al, , 2002Zotti et al, 2008Zotti et al, , 2011Brandt et al, 2009;Manente et al, 2012) or with the ATR-FT-IR database (ATR-FTIR Library COMPLETE, 2009). The absorbance spectra were normalized for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Atr-ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foxing stains occur in the form of small isolated patches of discoloration, scattered on a leaf of paper, which are typically rust, brown, or yellowish toned; they are usually limited in size, with sharp or jagged edges, often punctiform and sometimes circular (Derow & Owen 1992; Montemartini Corte et al, 2003; Manente et al, 2012). The study and reasoning behind the development of this type of discoloration have been a subject of research for several authors (Ligterink et al, 1991; Brandt et al, 2009; Figueira et al, 2009; Manente et al, 2012). Some have associated its occurrence with biological attack, others consider that foxing has a chemical origin, whereas others admit that both factors are responsible for this type of degradation (Bicchieri et al, 2002; Buzio et al, 2004; Choi, 2007; Manso et al, 2009; Zotti et al, 2011; Manente et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

et al. 2015

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This work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used for morphological characterization of the paper samples and foxing stains. Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was of particular importance for defining the presence of fiber disorder and disruption on the surface of some of the stains, and localized accumulations of mineral-like particles on the surface of others. SEM-EDS, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used for the identification of mineral fillers, whereas sizing agents were analyzed using ATR-FT-IR. EDXRF results showed that no differences, within the standard deviation, were found in iron and copper contents between the foxed and unfoxed areas. Fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium spp. were found in all the paper samples. Unfoxed areas presented lower contamination than the foxed areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atr-ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

et al. 2015

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“…They consider it, as an oxidation of paper in foxed areas and noted that this oxidation is significantly higher than the general oxidation of paper. Brandt et al (2009) consider this change as a characteristic of paper oxidation increasing with the degree of yellowing of the stains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the characterization of foxing stains on printed books using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry

Rakotonirainy

Bénaud

Vilmont

2015

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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“…In previous studies, we have also employed FT-IR spectroscopy to study foxed papers. 12–14 Foxing is characterized by additional oxidation, and the corresponding spectral changes were observed in interval 1500–1800 cm −1 . To the best of our knowledge, Raman spectroscopy studies of foxing have not been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Microspectroscopy of Old Paper Samples with Foxing

et al. 2014

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Diagnostic methods and historical document and artwork (in particular, paper items) analysis using modern physical methods is a topical practical problem. Paper materials exhibit nonuniform degradation with the formation of foxing stains. Correct physicochemical identification of the structure of foxed fragments depends on the efficiency of the experimental technique and offers guidelines for restoration. Raman spectroscopy makes it possible to characterize old paper samples; however, to our knowledge, a comprehensive Raman analysis of foxing has not been done. In this study, we demonstrate that Raman microspectroscopy allows the identification of spectral changes related to paper aging and foxing formation. The degree of degradation of the rag papers studied here is noticeably less than the degree of degradation of the wood-cellulose papers. The spectral differences among 19(th)-, 20(th)-, and 21(st)-century papers are revealed. The presence of lignin and gypsum filler in the 20th-century paper is demonstrated. Raman data indicate that the foxed fragments exhibit a stronger degradation of the paper. The spectral differences between the foxed and unfoxed fragments are discussed. The results can be used in the restoration of paper documents and artworks, in particular for identification of foxed fragments.

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ATR-FTIR and FT Raman spectroscopy and laser cleaning of old paper samples with foxings

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

Contribution to the characterization of foxing stains on printed books using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry

Raman Microspectroscopy of Old Paper Samples with Foxing

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