Atopic sensitization among children in an Arctic environment

Krause, Tyra Grove; Koch, Anders; Poulsen, Lars K.; Kristensen, Bjarne Winther; Olsen, Ole; Melbye, Mads

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01316.x

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Higher sensitisation rates were observed when specific IgE levels were used for diagnosis. In younger children, sensitisation rates were between 4.2 % and 20.6 % (Julge et al, 2001), whereas in older children ranged between 0.4 % (Krause et al, 2002) and 22.7 % (Julge et al, 2001). In adults the figures were zero to egg yolk (Bakos et al, 2006) and 2.8 % to egg white.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Rates of positive SPT in adults were between 6.4 % (Bakos et al, 2006) and 6.8 % (Schafer et al, 2001). For specific IgE levels, the only study from Norway in young children reported a prevalence of sensitisation of 3.4 % (Ro et al, 2012), whereas in older children the prevalence of sensitisation ranged between 2.6 % (Krause et al, 2002) and 12.2 % (Nicolaou et al, 2010). The latter study used a low cut-off point for determining sensitisation (0.2 kU/L), which may explain the higher sensitisation rates observed.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes

Products¹

2014

EFS2

115

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Following a request from the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. In view of the request, the NDA Panel decided to update its previous opinions relative to food ingredients or substances with known allergenic potential listed in Annex IIIa of 2003/89/EC, as amended. These include cereals containing gluten, milk and dairy products, eggs, nuts, peanuts, soy, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, celery, lupin, sesame, mustard and sulphites. The opinion relates to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, to coeliac disease and to adverse reactions to sulphites in food, and it does not address non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food. It includes information on the prevalence of food allergy in unselected populations, proteins identified as food allergens, cross-reactivities, the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of foods and ingredients, methods for the detection of allergens and allergenic foods, doses observed to trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals and risk assessment methodologies that have been used to derive individual and population thresholds for selected allergenic foods. The present opinion relates to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, to coeliac disease and to adverse reactions to sulphites in food, and it does not address non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food. For each food ingredient or substance listed in Annex IIIa, it includes information on the prevalence of food allergy in unselected populations, on proteins identified as food allergens, on cross-reactivities, on the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of foods and ingredients, on methods for the detection of allergens and allergenic foods, and on doses observed to trigger adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.Immune-mediated adverse reactions to foods manifest with clinical signs and symptoms of variable severity and duration, which may affect different organs and systems. Anaphylactic reactions to food are IgE mediated and may occur at any age. Non-IgE-mediated food allergy includes a wide range of diseases, including protein-induced enterocolitis and eosinophilic oesophagitis.A careful family and clinical history are the basis for diagnosis of food allergy. Food diaries, skin prick tests (SPTs), allergen-specific IgE measurements, food elimination diets and food challenges are part of the standard protocol for the diagnosis of food allergy. A positive SPT indicates sensitisation to the tested food, but it is not diagnostic of food allergy. Allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies similarly denote sensitisation to a particular food, but they are not diagnostic without a clinical history or food challenge. The use of atopy patch tests for the diagnosis of food allergy is controversial. Other available tests have no current role in the diagnosis of food allergy. Diag...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes

Products¹

2014

EFS2

115

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“…To be categorised as Inuit ethnicity, both of the parents should be registered as born in Greenland. The applied approach to ethnicity has previously been validated in Greenlandic studies from our group [16]. Information on place of birth was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) that contains demographic information on all inhabitants of Greenland as well as Denmark [17].…”

Section: Study Site and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing tuberculosis transmission to children in Greenland

Søborg¹,

Koch²,

Thomsen³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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Inuit in the Arctic are experiencing an increase in tuberculosis cases, reaching levels in Greenland comparable to high-incidence countries. This prompted us to study the level of tuberculosis transmission to Greenlandic children. Specifically, we estimated the current prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) and the underlying annual risk of MTI.2,231 Greenlandic school children aged 5-17 yrs (,25% of the Greenlandic population in the relevant age group) were tested for MTI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON1-TB Gold in-tube test. Subjects with dual-positive results were considered infected and subjects with dual-negative results uninfected. The children with discordant test results were classified as probably having MTI and analysed separately.8.1% of the children had dual-positive test results. The annual risk of MTI was estimated as 0.80% (95% CI 0.67-0.92%) giving a cumulative risk at the 18th birthday of 13.4%. The annual risk of MTI varied substantially by ethnicity (0.87% in Inuit children, 0.02% in non-Inuit children; p,0.001) and by location (0.13% on the west coast, 1.68% on the south coast; p,0.001).M. tuberculosis transmission occurs at a very high level in Inuit children with pronounced geographic differences emphasising the need for immediate public health interventions.

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“…Children whose parents were both born in Greenland were considered Inuit, as this method has been shown to accurately identify children of Inuit heritage. 18 By having parents or caretakers complete a standardized self-administered questionnaire, we also obtained information on crowding in the household (total number of dwellers, number of adults and number of children), parents' educational level, health status of the study child and type of heating in the household.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%