Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

Abstract

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease that is at the severe end of a spectrum of allergic conjunctival diseases. AKC can involve the cornea and conjunctiva bilaterally, and at times can lead to visual loss from corneal complications. The classification, histology, ocular examination findings and complications of AKC are described herein, as well as the roles and interactions of inflammatory cells involved. Finally, current treatment options for AKC is reviewed and presented as a stepwise, multidisciplinary approach that involves the allergist/immunologist's medical interventions of topical and systemic immunomodulating agents, as well as the surgical skills of the ophthalmologist.

The usefulness of measuring tear periostin for the diagnosis and management of ocular allergic diseases

“…1 In contrast, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), which exhibit chronic and severe clinical courses, can be accompanied by corneal changes, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis such as corneal ulcers and the formation of giant papilla, which can lead to loss of vision. 2,3 When patients with VKC or AKC are refractory to first-line agents such as antihistamines, prolonged use of either topical or systemic corticosteroids or immune-suppressants is required. Therefore, it is of great importance to diagnose each chronic ocular allergic disease and to estimate the severity of disease accurately to design therapeutic strategies to prevent serious comorbidities.…”

Plasmapheresis in Ophthalmology

“…It often develops on the background of allergies and accompanies atopic dermatitis. In this case the conjunctiva, eyelids, cornea, and lacrimal glands are damaged [117][118][119]. They are characterized by micro erosions of the epithelium, persistent epithelial defects, severe corneal vascularization and opacities [120].…”

An algorithm for the management of allergic conjunctivitis

“…5). 21,22 As evident from their names, both VKC and AKC may involve the cornea and in severe, uncontrolled cases can cause significant visual impairment. 23 Other conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis include giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), dry eye disease, anterior blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, infectious conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis medicamentosa, and contact lensrelated pathology.…”