Atopic dermatitis: Is innate or adaptive immunity in control? A clinical perspective

Ong, Peck Y.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.943640

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Keratinocytes and dendritic cells act as important sentinels of the skin by recognizing danger signals or microbial pathogens and eliciting downstream immune responses, which include the production of type 2 cytokines. In addition to type 2 cytokines, type 17 cytokines have also been linked to the pathogenesis of AD [ 106 ].…”

Section: Sphingosine 1-phosphate and Inflammatory Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Kleuser

Bäumer

2023

IJMS

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Sphingolipids are crucial molecules of the mammalian epidermis. The formation of skin-specific ceramides contributes to the formation of lipid lamellae, which are important for the protection of the epidermis from excessive water loss and protect the skin from the invasion of pathogens and the penetration of xenobiotics. In addition to being structural constituents of the epidermal layer, sphingolipids are also key signaling molecules that participate in the regulation of epidermal cells and the immune cells of the skin. While the importance of ceramides with regard to the proliferation and differentiation of skin cells has been known for a long time, it has emerged in recent years that the sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is also involved in processes such as the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. In addition, the immunomodulatory role of this sphingolipid species is becoming increasingly apparent. This is significant as S1P mediates a variety of its actions via G-protein coupled receptors. It is, therefore, not surprising that dysregulation in the signaling pathways of S1P is involved in the pathophysiological conditions of skin diseases. In the present review, the importance of S1P in skin cells, as well as the immune cells of the skin, is elaborated. In particular, the role of the molecule in inflammatory skin diseases will be discussed. This is important because interfering with S1P signaling pathways may represent an innovative option for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.

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Section: Sphingosine 1-phosphate and Inflammatory Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Kleuser

Bäumer

2023

IJMS

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“…Furthermore, also keratinocyte is implicated in this mechanism by expressing an increased level of IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (12)(13)(14)(15). These cytokines may act as alarmins, inducing the production of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 from both T helper (Th)2, and ILC2 cells, which in turn trigger the complex inflammatory cascade that underlies the clinical expression of AD (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, adaptive immune responses of T and B cells, including CD4 Th2 cells and Th17 cytokines, are required for the development and progression to systemic inflammation in the atopic march (16). The activation of Th2 and ILC2 pathways are at the center of type 2 inflammation (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of Th2 and ILC2 pathways are at the center of type 2 inflammation (12)(13)(14)(15). Conversely, although the expression of Th17-cytokines such as IL-17A has consistently been found to be increased in AD lesions, the role of these cytokines in AD pathogenesis is controversial (16). It has been supposed that they have a role in AD inflammation, rather, its presence is part of an effector response against Staphylococcus aureus (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hidden sentinel of the skin: An overview on the role of interleukin-13 in atopic dermatitis

et al. 2023

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Recent evidence suggests that interleukin (IL)-13 is a crucial cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a central driver of type-2 T-helper inflammation and is overexpressed in lesional skin of AD patients. Upon release in peripheral skin, IL-13 activates its receptors, recruits inflammatory cells, and modifies the skin microbiome. IL-13 also reduces the expression of epidermal barrier proteins and activates sensory nerve mediating the itch transmission signal. Novel therapeutics that target IL-13 seem to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe AD. The aim of our manuscript is to review the role that IL-13 plays in AD immunopathogenesis.

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“…Skin inflammatory diseases, mainly including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, are considered an uncontrolled response to systemic inflammation, the main symptoms and pathological features of which are manifested in the skin ( 1 , 2 ). The problems caused by inflammatory skin diseases plague people all over the world and bring a huge economic burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives in common skin inflammatory diseases: Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Yang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Chronic skin inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis have been considered uncontrolled inflammatory responses, which have usually troubled patients around the world. Moreover, the recent method to treat AD and psoriasis has been based on the inhibition, not regulation, of the abnormal inflammatory response, which can induce a number of side effects and drug resistance in long-term treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been widely used in immune diseases based on their regeneration, differentiation, and immunomodulation with few adverse effects, which makes MSCs a promising treatment for chronic skin inflammatory diseases. As a result, in this review, we aim to systematically discuss the therapeutic effects of various resources of MSCs, the application of preconditioning MSCs and engineering extracellular vesicles (EVs) in AD and psoriasis, and the clinical evaluation of the administration of MSCs and their derivatives, which can provide a comprehensive vision for the application of MSCs and their derivatives in future research and clinical treatment.

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Atopic dermatitis: Is innate or adaptive immunity in control? A clinical perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate as Essential Signaling Molecule in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

The hidden sentinel of the skin: An overview on the role of interleukin-13 in atopic dermatitis

Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives in common skin inflammatory diseases: Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

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