Atopic Dermatitis and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Gee, Sarah N.; Bigby, Michael

doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2011.200

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Although the results have been inconsistent, most studies have pointed to a positive association between AD and ADHD. [1,9,18,25,26,31] In an early study published in 1993, McGee et al [18] reported no significant association between ADHD behavior and a history of allergic disorders and that a diagnosis of ADHD was also not related to a positive skin test or serum IgE levels. In addition, Shyru et al [20] showed that bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, but not AD, were the risk factors for ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Shyru et al [20] showed that bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, but not AD, were the risk factors for ADHD. However, the meta-analyses by Schmitt et al [1,26,33] in 2010 and 2013 demonstrated that most investigations indicate a positive association between AD and ADHD. The comment by Gee et al [26] outlined that AD and asthma but not allergic rhinitis are positively associated with ADHD or ADHD symptoms among children and adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the meta-analyses by Schmitt et al [1,26,33] in 2010 and 2013 demonstrated that most investigations indicate a positive association between AD and ADHD. The comment by Gee et al [26] outlined that AD and asthma but not allergic rhinitis are positively associated with ADHD or ADHD symptoms among children and adults. Furthermore, published reports in 2013 and later all have pointed towards a positive association between AD and ADHD (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal association between early atopic dermatitis and subsequent attention-deficit or autistic disorder

et al. 2016

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common allergic diseases in children. The presence of allergic diseases was found to have association with the risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, but it is still inconclusive. This study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between AD developed during toddlerhood and subsequent development of ADHD or ASD in later childhood. Toddlers born between 1998 and 2008 and diagnosed with AD at the age younger than 3 years and older than 1 month were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Age- and gender-matched toddlers with no lifetime AD were enrolled as the control group. All enrolled toddlers were followed until 2011 to identify the development of ADHD or ASD. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the hazard ratios (HRs). The risks associated with allergic comorbidities were analyzed. A total of 18,473 toddlers were enrolled into the AD group. The presence of AD significantly increased the risk of developing ADHD (HR = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.48–3.45) or ASD (HR = 8.90, 95% CI = 4.98–15.92) when aged 3 years or older. Children from the AD group with 3 comorbidities together, namely, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma, had the greatest risk of developing ADHD and ASD (ADHD: HR = 4.67, 95% CI = 3.81–5.43; ASD: HR = 16.65, 95% CI = 8.63–30.60). In conclusion, toddlers who suffer from AD at the age younger than 3 years are at a higher risk of developing ADHD and ASD during later childhood. Pediatricians taking care of toddlers with AD should have knowledge of this increased risk of developing ADHD and ASD later in life, especially when children have certain comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal association between early atopic dermatitis and subsequent attention-deficit or autistic disorder

et al. 2016

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“…Another methodological concern is that the criteria used to define atopic disease and ADHD were inadequate in most studies (Schmitt et al., ). In addition, most studies assessing the association between asthma and ADHD did not adjust for other comorbid atopic/allergic diseases (i.e., atopic dermatitis, a potential cofounder) (Gee & Bigby, ). In our study, using a nationwide database with a large sample size and a case–control cohort study design, we enrolled asthmatic children who were age 0–3 years in 2000 and followed them to the end of 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

Asthma and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population‐based prospective cohort study

Chen

et al. 2013

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…Although problems and impaired performance in school are an established consequence of AD in school-age children, recent data demonstrated an independent association between AD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), for which AD severity and sleeping problems were likely factors. 10,17,[32][33][34][35] Therefore, a prioritized therapeutic goal for infants and children with AD should be the rapid relief of acute pruritic flares, followed by the long-term maintenance of a symptom-free skin, in an effort to avoid the chronic manifestations described above.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atopic dermatitis in children: management of pruritus

Blume-Peytavi¹,

Metz

2012

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Children with chronic atopic dermatitis (AD)-related itch require a comprehensive treatment approach that addresses the underlying cause of pruritus, as well as symptoms and complications that extend beyond the physical domain. In small children and infants, the short-term complications of quality of life disturbance and sleep dysfunction are closely associated with the course of adolescent development. In addition, the physical damage that results from uncontrolled pruritus and scratching can lead to disease chronification. Therefore, the rapid relief of acute pruritic flares, followed by the long-term maintenance of symptom-free skin, should be prioritized in AD treatment, in an effort to avoid the emotional, social and physical chronic manifestations described above. Alleviation of AD symptoms with fourth-generation topical anti-inflammatory agents like methylprednisolone aceponate is an appropriate choice of therapy for children and infants, due to its optimized therapeutic index and versatility in formulation. Especially in AD, supplemental disease management education should be considered, to address the psycho-social needs of children (and their families) suffering from pruritus.

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Atopic Dermatitis and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Longitudinal association between early atopic dermatitis and subsequent attention-deficit or autistic disorder

Longitudinal association between early atopic dermatitis and subsequent attention-deficit or autistic disorder

Asthma and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population‐based prospective cohort study

Atopic dermatitis in children: management of pruritus

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