Atonality

Brain electrical patterns associated with pleasure and emotion induced by tonal and atonal music.

“…In that sense, considering Russell's (1980) emotional model, researchers have found that music in the major mode is mostly associated with positively valenced emotions, whereas music in the minor mode is more usually associated with negative emotions; additionally, tempo has been positively correlated with the arousal dimension (Ramos Loyo, 2012a). Thus, mode is an important factor for determining the emotion in tonal music, leaving an open question regarding atonal music-either classical from the European tradition or from other cultures as well (Lansky et al, 2001). Although some authors have found that intensity, tempo, timbre, and pitch can help people distinguish musical emotions in music from unfamiliar cultures (Balkwill et al, 2004;Bowling et al, 2012), more studies concerning music and emotion should consider atonal musical stimuli to explore their emotional effects (Valdés-Alemán et al, 2022).…”

“…The focus of this study is to include atonal music, both from a classical European context, as well as from other cultures outside the European tonal system (Lansky et al, 2001), evoking joy-positive valence and arousal-and sadness-negative valence and arousalto be assessed according to L. A. Schmidt and Trainor's (2001) model to distinguish the emotional valence and arousal (Russell, 1980) of music through FAA.…”