Atomoxetine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Reynaud, Amélie; Froesel, Mathilda; Guedj, Carole; Hassen, Sameh Ben Hadj; Cléry, Justine; Meunier, Martine; Hamed, Suliann Ben; Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.012

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This might be taken as evidence against the role of NA in effort (assuming that schedule length involves effort), but because schedule length has a strong delay component, it might affect decision through a pure delay discounting process and therefore leave the relation between NA and effort open (see [7,49] for a discussion on effort and delay). Second, pharmacological manipulations of the NA system strongly affect performance in tasks requiring a high level of executive control [50][51][52][53] or attentional set-shifting [54][55][56]. These data are directly in line with the key action of NA on executive functions and its neural substrate in the prefrontal cortex [57][58][59].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Even if this study focused on physical effort, other studies have demonstrated the strong implication of NA in various forms of attention or executive control, which could be interpreted in terms of cognitive effort [50][51][52][53]55,56,94]. Even though this would require further testing, we believe that the physical and mental effort are actually 2 facets of the same core "effort" function in which NA plays a crucial role: To some extent, the influence of systemic manipulations of NA levels could all be interpreted in terms of allocation of cognitive resources.…”

Section: Na and Effort: Beyond The Physical Domain?mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pharmacological evidence for the implication of noradrenaline in effort

et al. 2020

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The trade-off between effort and reward is one of the main determinants of behavior, and its alteration is at the heart of major disorders such as depression or Parkinson's disease. Monoaminergic neuromodulators are thought to play a key role in this trade-off, but their relative contribution remains unclear. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed a choice task requiring a trade-off between the volume of fluid reward and the amount of force to be exerted on a grip. In line with a causal role of noradrenaline in effort, decreasing noradrenaline levels with systemic clonidine injections (0.01 mg/kg) decreased exerted force and enhanced the weight of upcoming force on choices, without any effect on reward sensitivity. Using computational modeling, we showed that a single variable ("effort") could capture the amount of resources necessary for action and control both choices (as a variable for decision) and force production (as a driving force). Critically, the multiple effects of noradrenaline manipulation on behavior could be captured by a specific modulation of this single variable. Thus, our data strongly support noradrenaline's implication in effort processing.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Na and Effort: Beyond The Physical Domain?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Pharmacological evidence for the implication of noradrenaline in effort

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, HR measure has been shown to covary with pupil dilation, typically controlled by the autonomic nervous system 57 . Pupil dilation has been shown to vary as a function of reward 57,58 , surprise 59 , vigilance for social distractors 60 , arousal 61 and systemic pharmacological neuromodulation 5 . Last, HR can be a crucial parameter to assess behaviour following a drug induction 62 or a lesion 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated video-based heart rate tracking for the anesthetized and behaving monkey

Froesel

Goudard

Hauser³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Heart rate (HR) is extremely valuable in the study of complex behaviours and their physiological correlates in non-human primates. However, collecting this information is often challenging, involving either invasive implants or tedious behavioural training. In the present study, we implement a Eulerian video magnification (EVM) heart tracking method in the macaque monkey combined with wavelet transform. This is based on a measure of image to image fluctuations in skin reflectance due to changes in blood influx. We show a strong temporal coherence and amplitude match between EVM-based heart tracking and ground truth ECG, from both color (RGB) and infrared (IR) videos, in anesthetized macaques, to a level comparable to what can be achieved in humans. We further show that this method allows to identify consistent HR changes following the presentation of conspecific emotional voices or faces. EVM is used to extract HR in humans but has never been applied to non-human primates. Video photoplethysmography allows to extract awake macaques HR from RGB videos. In contrast, our method allows to extract awake macaques HR from both RGB and IR videos and is particularly resilient to the head motion that can be observed in awake behaving monkeys. Overall, we believe that this method can be generalized as a tool to track HR of the awake behaving monkey, for ethological, behavioural, neuroscience or welfare purposes.

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“…Together with clinical findings showing impairments in Alzheimer's disease, a condition associated with markedly depleted cortical cholinergic innervation [17,18], and beneficial effects of nicotine [19,20], these lines of evidence support acetylcholine (ACh) as a primary neurotransmitter that mediates attention orienting. There is also evidence for the involvement of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in attention orienting in primates [21][22][23]. NA-and DA-mediating medications, such as methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX), however, have shown inconsistent effects on attention orienting between humans and non-human primates [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also evidence for the involvement of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in attention orienting in primates [21][22][23]. NA-and DA-mediating medications, such as methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX), however, have shown inconsistent effects on attention orienting between humans and non-human primates [23,24]. In contrast to cholinergic involvement, the effect of NA and DA on attention orienting is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Attention Orienting in Mice: A Novel Touchscreen Adaptation of the Posner-Style Cueing Task

May

Hannan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Atypical attention orienting has been found to be impaired in many neuropsychological disorders, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Attention can be oriented exogenously (i.e., driven by salient stimuli) or endogenously (i.e., driven by one's goals or intentions). Genetic mouse models are useful tools to investigate the neurobiology of cognition, but a well-established assessment of attention orienting in mice is missing. This study aimed to adapt the Posner task, a widely used attention orienting task in humans, for use in mice using touchscreen technology and to test the effects of two attention-modulating drugs, methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX), on the performance of mice during this task. In accordance with human performance, mice responded more quickly and more accurately to validly cued targets compared to invalidly cued targets, thus supporting mice as a valid animal model to study the neural mechanisms of attention orienting. This is the first evidence that mice can be trained to voluntarily maintain their nose-poke on a touchscreen and to complete attention orienting tasks using exogenous peripheral cues and endogenous symbolic cues. The results also showed no significant effects of MPH and ATX on attention orienting, although MPH improved overall response times in mice during the exogenous orienting task. In summary, the current study provides a critical translational task for assessing attention orienting in mice and to investigate the effects of attention-modulating drugs on attention orienting.

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Atomoxetine improves attentional orienting in a predictive context

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Pharmacological evidence for the implication of noradrenaline in effort

Pharmacological evidence for the implication of noradrenaline in effort

Automated video-based heart rate tracking for the anesthetized and behaving monkey

Assessing Attention Orienting in Mice: A Novel Touchscreen Adaptation of the Posner-Style Cueing Task

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