“…Inspired by the Fujishima Honda Effect reported in 1972 [38], a plethora of semiconductor-based photocatalysts, such as TiO 2 , g-C 3 N 4 , CdS [39], various perovskites [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], and WO 3 /rGO [56] have been utilized in hydrogen production. Additionally, non-semiconductor catalysts based on metals including platinium [57], rhenium [58], ruthenium [59,60], and iridium [61] have also been used in the catalytic generation of H 2 [62,63]. For these photocatalysts with their light absorption threshold confined in either ultraviolet (UV, 300-400 nm) or visible (VIS, 400-700 nm) region [64], the major limitation is that only UV and/or visible light photons can be utilized, which accounts for 5% and 43% of the full solar spectrum, respectively.…”