“…Over several years, supported single-atoms have been shown as a new frontier in solid catalysis owing to their large surface-tovolume ratio, high selectivity, and unique role compared to metals in the bulk or nano-state. [13][14][15][16] Nevertheless, metal single atoms containing isolated metals at the support are challenging as they are thermodynamically unstable and aggregated to nanoparticles and clusters. [17][18][19] For their stabilization, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon, graphene, metal hydroxides, and metal oxides have so far been used as supports; yet, their impact on activity and stability requires further attention due to inadequate metal-support interactions.…”