Atomic Spectrometry Update. Elemental speciation

Harrington, Chris F.; Clough, Robert; Hansen, Hanna E.; Hill, Steve J.; Pergantis, Spiros A.; Tyson, Julian F.

doi:10.1039/b911133f

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…The definition, philosophy, methods and novel aspects of speciation have recently been addressed in a few review articles. [69][70][71] Speciation has been defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as: ''Speciation analysis is the analytical activity of identifying and/or measuring the quantities of one or more individual chemical species in a sample; the chemical species are specific forms of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure; the speciation of an element is the distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system.'' 72 The most important tool for speciation studies is the use of a separation and/or a fractionation technique.…”

Section: Speciation Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Jakubowski

Horsky

Roos

et al. 2014

Sector Field Mass Spectrometry for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis

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ICP-MS is based on the formation of (preferentially monovalent positively) charged atomic ions in an inductively coupled Ar plasma at almost 10 000 K. The ions formed are transferred from the plasma source at ambient pressure into a mass separator operated at high vacuum via a set of cones. The ions are separated according to their mass/charge ratio in the mass separator (quadrupole, magnetic sector field or time-of-flight mass separator). In most cases, the ions are detected using a secondary electron multiplier; in some set-ups (also) a Faraday cup can be used. Single-collector (scanning mass spectrometer usually used for quantitative elemental analysis) or multicollector (static operation of mass spectrometer for precise isotope ratio analysis) configurations can be found (Figures 12.1 and 12.2).

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Section: Speciation Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Jakubowski

Horsky

Roos

et al. 2014

Sector Field Mass Spectrometry for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis

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“…Zenginleştirme ve/veya ayırma tekniklerinden biri olan katı faz özütlemede, kolon (sürekli sistem) veya kesikli sistem (çalkalama) tekniklerini kullanılarak elementler, bileşenler veya element türleri farklı katı fazlara tutturularak ayrılmakta ve asitlerle veya yaygın olarak kullanılan diğer reaktiflerle geri alınmaktadır [7], [17]- [19]. Zenginleştirmede katı faz özütlemeyi uygulamak için, analitler katı bir materyal üzerinde kolaylıkla tutturulabilmekte, kantitatif ve tekrarlanabilir olarak inorganik asitler ve organik çözücüler gibi bilinen saf çözücülerle kolaylıkla geri alınabilmektedir.…”

Section: Katı Faz öZütleme Yöntemiunclassified

A review on the usability of graphene/graphene oxide based sorbents in solid phase extraction technique

Canlıdinç¹

2020

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Bazı metallere canlı organizmaların düzenli fonksiyonlarında çok az miktarda da olsa ihtiyaç duyulmakta bu nedenle bu metallerin varlığı önem kazanmaktadır (bakır, çinko, demir, vb. gibi). Fakat bazıları zehirli olup bu zehirli metaller insanların yaşadığı çevre ve yiyecekler için tehlikeli eser metaller olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu metaller (kurşun, cıva, kadmiyum, arsenik, çinko, demir, bakır, mangan, krom) yüksek derişimlerde zehirli bileşenlerine dönüşmesi nedeniyle zararlı olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle modern analitik kimyada, eser metallerin tayini için basit, çevre için güvenli, duyarlı ve seçici yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine doğru bir eğilim vardır. Eser metallerin düşük derişimleri nedeniyle genellikle bir ayırma ve zenginleştirme tekniği gerekmektedir. Bu tekniklerden en yaygın olarak kullanılanlardan birisi de katı faz özütleme (SPE) tekniğidir. Katı faz özütleme alanındaki yeni çalışmalar, asit ve bazlara dayanıklılık, analite seçicilik, geniş yüzey alanı ve yüksek adsorpsiyon kapasitesi gibi iyi performanslı yeni katı fazların sentezlenmesiyle ilgilidir. Grafen (G) ve grafen oksit (GO)'in maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri şimdiye kadar rapor edilenlere göre çok daha yüksek olması nedeni ile G ve GO nanotabakaları hem organik bileşikler hem de metal türler için klasik SPE'de başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabilmektedir. Some metals are needed in the regular functions of living organisms, albeit in very small amounts, so the presence of these metals becomes important (such as copper, zinc, iron, etc.). However, some of them are toxic and these toxic metals are accepted as dangerous trace metals for the environment and food in which people live. These metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, chromium) can be harmful due to their conversion to toxic components at high concentrations. Therefore, in modern analytical chemistry there is a tendency to develop simple, environmentally safe, sensitive and selective methods for the determination of trace metals. Due to the low concentration of trace metals, a separation and preconcentration technique is often required. One of the most commonly used techniques is the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. Recent tendency in the field of solid phase extraction is related to synthesis of the new sorbent materials with good performance, such as high resistance to acids and bases, selective for analytes, large surface area and high adsorption capacity. Because of the maximum adsorption capacities of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) are much higher than those of the recently reported sorbents, G and GO nanosheets can be used in classical SPE of both organic compounds and metal species, with successfully.

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“…For a full discussion of developments in elemental speciation, the recent Update on this subject should be consulted 141 . Microwave-assisted extraction at 90 W for 5 min using TMAH provided the highest recoveries of MeHg and EtHg in their original form.…”

Section: Speciation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis

Butler

Cairns

Cook

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This is the twenty-fifth annual review published in JAAS of the application of atomic spectrometry to the chemical analysis of environmental samples. This Update refers to papers published approximately between September 2008 and August 2009. In the analysis of air, work is focused on the need to collect and characterise ultrafines; determination of elements such as Be, Hg and PGEs in air samples; application of SRXRF techniques and advances in the development of field deployable aerosol mass spectrometry systems. In the analysis of water, significant areas of activity currently focus on elemental speciation of As, Cr, Hg and Sn. Work in increasing method sensitivities through the use of vapour generation and optimization of extraction and preconcentration procedures continues. The increased global awareness of the need to monitor levels of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils is desirable and this is reflected in a growing body of published literature from authors in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. However, a potential criticism of some studies is that they simply report the concentrations of analytes in particular soils or plants, without providing sufficient information on analytical quality control and with little assessment of their environmental significance, e.g. those levels that are a threat to human health. In the field of geological analysis, considerable effort is being spent not only on the production, characterization and certification of new geological reference materials, but also on enhancing the certification of existing reference materials and the development of reference materials with assigned elemental isotopic ratios. Laser ablation continues to go from strength to strength in being adopted as a solid sampling tool in geochemical analysis. Feedback on this review is most welcome and the lead author can be contacted using the email address provided.

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Atomic Spectrometry Update. Elemental speciation

Abstract: 2 Sample preparation 2.1 Analyte stability With regard to the stability of As species, Conklin et al. 27 investigated the effect of pH on the conversion of DMA V , MMA V and

Cited by 33 publications

References 247 publications

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A review on the usability of graphene/graphene oxide based sorbents in solid phase extraction technique

Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis

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