Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Taylor, Andrew M.; Branch, Simon; Day, Martin P.; Patriarca, Marina; White, Mark A.

doi:10.1039/c002232b

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 339 publications

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“…228 The extractions suggested substantial Cr associated with reducible and oxidizable soil components, and significant non-extractable residual Cr. Bulk XAS data further indicated Cr III incorporated in Fe(OH) 3 , and Cr III associated with organic matter. The authors concluded that the effects of anoxia on Cr speciation, and the potential for active COPR weathering releasing Cr VI deeper in the soil profile require further study.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Only Se IV and Se VI were formed, and no Se was lost. In 100 mL vessels, the extent of decomposition, even with the same reagents, varied by large amounts: for example, a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and 30% H 2 O 2 produced anything from 13 to 52% conversion to Se IV , and, at the same time, between 5 and 10% conversion to Se VI . However in 6 mL, vessels the conversion to Se IV ranged from 63-92%, and the conversion to Se VI was between 2 and 10%.…”

Section: 1 Analyte Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One possible loss mechanism is the formation of volatile derivatives, for which a trapping method that preserves the speciation of methylated compounds has been developed. 54 The researchers investigated both concentrated HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 as trapping agents and compared the results by analysis by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-HG-AFS: nitric acid was the better trapping agent. Dimethylselenoxide and methylseleninic acid were identified, by HPLC-ESI-MS, as the trapped products of DMSe and DMDSe, with recoveries of 65 AE 2% and 81 AE 4%, respectively.…”

Section: 1 Analyte Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant developments in instrumental techniques and applications have been reviewed in the most recent of the Atomic Spectrometry Updates, [2][3][4][5][6] including aspects of speciation analysis. Although no books devoted to elemental speciation analysis have appeared during the current review period, a large number of review articles have.…”

Section: Topical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid determination of volatile As species (AsH 3 , CH 3 AsH 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 AsH and (CH 3 ) 3 As released from lake sediment has been studied using a short packed cotton column coupled with AFS. 123 Based on this, a new online system for collection and speciation of volatile arsenic species was developed.…”

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Atomic spectrometry update. Elemental speciation

Harrington

Clough

Drennan-Harris

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: 1 Analyte Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: 1 Analyte Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Topical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Atomic spectrometry update. Elemental speciation

Harrington

Clough

Drennan-Harris

et al. 2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Atomic Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry

Parsons¹

2022

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) are two closely related instrumental techniques that have many applications in many different fields. In clinical chemistry, these techniques are well established for the quantitative measurement of essential and nonessential elements found in body tissues and fluids. For most practical purposes, the elements that are routinely measured with modern commercial instrumentation include almost all of the metallic elements of the s, d, and p blocks of the periodic table. The exceptions in the p block include the halogens, the noble gases, and the elements C, H, N, O, and S. Above atomic number 83 (Bi), only U is measured in absorption. Over the last two decades, the increasing use of inorganic mass spectrometry in clinical laboratories has opened up new possibilities and commercial instrumentation based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is now the dominant technique. Clinical chemists are now able to measure the multielement composition of biological specimens at ultra‐trace concentrations, i.e. <10 μg L −1 . With ICPMS, the halogens become detectable, along with B, C, N, and Th. The coupling of ICPMS with separation technologies has opened up new possibilities in clinical laboratory medicine in the field of chemical speciation analysis. In some areas of clinical chemistry, older atomic spectrometric techniques may still be considered the reference method for selected clinical applications, e.g. the determination of serum K and serum Na by flame atomic emission spectrometry ( FAES ). In other areas, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) remains feasible for serum Mg and serum Cu because of its sensitivity, rapid throughput, and the relatively low cost of instrumentation. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), also known as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry ( ETAAS ), while more complex than flame atomization methods, is still fit for purpose for routine applications such as blood Pb and serum Al, where physiological concentrations are too low to be measured in the flame without laborious preconcentration efforts. Robust procedures for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) are now well established within the clinical laboratory and cover the entire spectrum of clinical laboratory activities. These include preanalytical issues, personnel training, and education, and also the appropriate use of certified reference materials (CRMs) for method validation purposes. Participation in proficiency testing (PT) programs and external quality assessment schemes (EQAS) for trace elements in biological fluids have also contributed to improved clinical laboratory performance. Despite the advent of ever more sensitive techniques and robust procedures, the quality of results is still only as good as the specimen collected. Contamination can occur at the preanalytical stage of the analysis and also during the analysis. Selection of the appropriate specimen is critical to obtaining meaningful clinical information about nutritional trace element status or exposure to toxic elements.

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Atomic Spectroscopy in Food AnalysisUpdate based on the original article by Scott A. Baker and Nancy J. Miller‐Ihli,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Baker¹,

Miller-Ihli²,

Fodor

et al. 2012

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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There are several reasons that can explain why food analysis is a topic of strong interest for a large number of institutes around the world. Consumer demands have increased toward healthier and safer food products produced in environment‐friendly conditions. Food manufacturers and food distribution companies have to improve their quality control (QC) of raw materials, manufacturing processes, and end‐products to provide safe, healthy, and high‐quality products at reasonable price. Evaluation of element (e.g. essential and toxic) contents is an important part of nutrition and health claims made on foods. The methods best suited to meet this task are atomic spectroscopic methods such as atomic absorption, atomic emission, and elemental mass spectrometry (MS). Methods commonly used in the generation of food composition data include flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). FAAS and ICP/AES offer similar detection limits (DLs) (ng mL −1 levels), whereas GFAAS and ICP/MS can provide sub‐ng mL −1 detection capability. The choice of a method often depends on detection capability, but ease of use, speed of analysis, and cost must also be considered. ICP/AES, ICP/MS, and more recently GF/AAS offer the advantage of providing simultaneous multielement measurements, making them well suited for the analysis of large numbers of elements in food samples. If one or a few elements are to be determined, less expensive atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) methods might be more suitable. The most critical stage in the development of analytical methods is sample preparation. Samples can be prepared using numerous procedures, but the most useful for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices are based on wet ashing of the sample. In addition to total element determinations, speciation measurements are important to determine the exact chemical form of the element that is present in the sample. As important properties, such as the bioavailability of an element, are dependent on its chemical form (speciation), the development of reliable methods for identification and quantification of trace element species is critical. The most practical difficulty encountered in speciation is to preserve the integrity of the sample and the species of interest during sampling, storage, and sample preparation. Hyphenated techniques, such as the coupling of chromatographic separation and atomic spectroscopic detection, have proven useful for elemental speciation measurements.

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Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Cited by 20 publications

References 339 publications

Atomic spectrometry update. Elemental speciation

Atomic spectrometry update. Elemental speciation

Atomic Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry

Atomic Spectroscopy in Food AnalysisUpdate based on the original article by Scott A. Baker and Nancy J. Miller‐Ihli,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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