“…The present synopsis will focus on the fundamental aspects of isotope abundance ratio measurement, recent reviews of practical aspects and applications being found in the literature. 44,46,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] Useful background to the nature of isotopes and their measurement is available in numerous textbooks, including those by Adams et al, 80 Date and Gray, 81 Faure and Mensing, 42 and Platzner. 70 Our treatment will follow the outline given in Fig.…”
“…The present synopsis will focus on the fundamental aspects of isotope abundance ratio measurement, recent reviews of practical aspects and applications being found in the literature. 44,46,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] Useful background to the nature of isotopes and their measurement is available in numerous textbooks, including those by Adams et al, 80 Date and Gray, 81 Faure and Mensing, 42 and Platzner. 70 Our treatment will follow the outline given in Fig.…”
“…Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are widely distributed in nature and its existence as a range of inorganic and organic species with different toxicities has stimulated many studies in analytical chemistry, environmental and food science, biology and pharmacy. [1][2][3][4][5][6] At present, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is considered one of the most useful analytical methods for the determination of total As and Se. Other atomic spectrometric techniques such as ICP-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) combinations with hydride generation (HG) are also widely employed for the determination of trace amounts of As and Se.…”
When inorganic As species [As(III) and As(V)] and Se species [Se(IV) and Se(VI)] are measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, As(V) is found to be more sensitive than As(III), although Se(IV) and Se(VI) show the same sensitivity. The mechanism of the sensitivity difference between As(V) and As(III) was investigated using ICP-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), and it was elucidated that the amount of hydride polyatomic species of As formed in the plasma was different between As(V) and As(III). The formation of polyatomic species depends upon the oxidation state of the As atoms in the plasma, we describe this phenomenon as the incoherent molecular formation (IMF) effect. The mechanisms of the IMF effect were further investigated and techniques for removing its influence on As determination are discussed.
“…Combination of different acids and oxidants is mostly implemented in the process of preparation prior to the elemental analysis [18]. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) is an effective solution for the determination of metals in foods because of its simplicity, economic and easiness of operation [19]. Tomato samples for this study were collected from Al-Rass province in Al-Qassim region, which lies approximately at the center of the Arabian Peninsula [20].There is a group of 86 repeatedly detected pesticides in the agricultural food commodities in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.…”
This study was carried out to develop and apply a quick, yet efficient, analytical method for simultaneous determination of the residues of the 86 pesticides repeatedly detected in food commodity in Al-Rass province of Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. The suggested method is based on QuEChERS extraction procedures based on acetonitrile followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with primarysecondary amine (PSA) and bulk of carbograph for clean-up, was applied prior to GC-MS/MS analysis, focusing in particular on tomato crops. The second aim of the study was to measure the levels of some heavy metals using FAAS technique, particularly, Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe and Pb. The third aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of some common household-type preparations and handling procedures for tomato on reducing the levels of the detected pesticide residues as well as the heavy metals. The current findings could provide that the proper home preparation of tomato samples, in particular, soaking in 2% sodium chloride solution and soaking in commercial 5% acetic acid has led to effective elimination of the pesticide ethion from those samples. However, results have shown that there was no significant effect on the levels of heavy metals in the investigated tomato samples after applying the common types of household treatments.
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