Atomic‐Scale Insights into the 2D Materials from Aberration‐Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: Progress and Future
Woonbae Sohn,
Miyoung Kim,
Ho Won Jang
Abstract:2D crystals are attractive due to their unique atomic, electronic structures, and physiochemical properties, which strongly rely on the synthesis conditions. The atomic structure and presence of defects in the crystal lattice, such as vacancies, dopants, grain boundaries, and edge terminations, significantly influence the properties of 2D materials. Due to its high spatial resolution, aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC‐STEM) has become a powerful tool to provide atomic‐scale ins… Show more
“…An annular dark-field STEM (ADF-STEM) image is obtained by inserting off-axis annular detectors to collect the electrons with different scattered angle ranges. High-angle ADF-STEM (HAADF-STEM) is the most frequently used mode, which has contrast directly related to atomic number (Z) as Z 1.6−2 and is beneficial to detect heavy elements [160]. Medium-angle ADF-STEM (MAADF-STEM) is less dependent on Z contrast and is usually used for atomicresolution analysis of 2D materials comprising light elements [161].…”
Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning
Over the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes, largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures and materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of silicon-based technologies, offering innovative approaches in transistor design and functionality, enabling atomic-thin channel transistors and monolithic 3D integration. We review the important progress in the application of 2D materials in future information technology, focusing in particular on microelectronics and optoelectronics. We comprehensively summarize the key advancements across material production, characterization metrology, electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, and heterogeneous integration on silicon. A strategic roadmap and key challenges for the transition of 2D materials from basic research to industrial development are outlined. To facilitate such a transition, key technologies and tools dedicated to 2D materials must be developed to meet industrial standards, and the employment of AI in material growth, characterizations, and circuit design will be essential. It is time for academia to actively engage with industry to drive the next 10 years of 2D material research.
“…An annular dark-field STEM (ADF-STEM) image is obtained by inserting off-axis annular detectors to collect the electrons with different scattered angle ranges. High-angle ADF-STEM (HAADF-STEM) is the most frequently used mode, which has contrast directly related to atomic number (Z) as Z 1.6−2 and is beneficial to detect heavy elements [160]. Medium-angle ADF-STEM (MAADF-STEM) is less dependent on Z contrast and is usually used for atomicresolution analysis of 2D materials comprising light elements [161].…”
Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning
Over the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes, largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures and materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of silicon-based technologies, offering innovative approaches in transistor design and functionality, enabling atomic-thin channel transistors and monolithic 3D integration. We review the important progress in the application of 2D materials in future information technology, focusing in particular on microelectronics and optoelectronics. We comprehensively summarize the key advancements across material production, characterization metrology, electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, and heterogeneous integration on silicon. A strategic roadmap and key challenges for the transition of 2D materials from basic research to industrial development are outlined. To facilitate such a transition, key technologies and tools dedicated to 2D materials must be developed to meet industrial standards, and the employment of AI in material growth, characterizations, and circuit design will be essential. It is time for academia to actively engage with industry to drive the next 10 years of 2D material research.
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