Atomic-scale imaging of ytterbium ions in lead halide perovskites

Abstract

Lanthanide-doped lead halide perovskites have demonstrated great potential for photoelectric applications. However, there is a long-standing controversy about the existence of lanthanide ions, e.g., whether the doping of Ln 3+ is successful or not; the substituting sites of Ln 3+ in lead halide perovskites are unclear. We directly identify the doped Yb 3+ in CsPbCl 3 perovskites by using the state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography at atomic scale. Different from the previous assumptions and/or results, we evidence that Yb 3+ simultaneously replace Pb 2+ and occupy the lattice interstitial sites. Furthermore, we directly observe the cluster phenomenon of CsPbCl 3 single crystal at near atomic scale. Density functional theory modeling further confirms and explains the mechanisms of our findings. Our findings thus provide an atomic-level understanding of the doping mechanism in perovskites and will stimulate a further thinking of the doping effect on the performance of perovskites.

Enhancing broadband blue luminescence efficiency and stability in Bi3+-doped Cs2ZnCl4 nanocrystals from STEs and advancing energy applications

“…Since the Bi 3+ radius is larger than the Zn 2+ radius and some of the bismuth ions are doped into the Cs 2 ZnCl 4 NCs lattice to replace the zinc ions, this results in a slight expansion of the lattice, which also indicates the successful doping of Bi 3+ into the nanocrystalline lattice. 30–33 Additionally, the diffraction peak intensity of the nanocrystals gradually decreases and the peak broadens with further increase in Bi 3+ doping concentration. The diffraction peaks of nanocrystals with 10% and 20% doping concentrations show the most pronounced changes, with a sharp decrease in peak intensity and significant peak broadening.…”

Facile synthesis of ytterbium doped cesium lead halide perovskite powder

“…A similar conclusion was recently made for the incorporation of ytterbium ions in CsPbCl 3 nanoparticles. 15 According to Milstein et al , 4 two Yb +3 ions together with Pb 2+ vacancies form electrically neutral trap states and enable delivery of perovskite exciton energy simultaneously to two ytterbium ions.…”

“…3 Xu et al have recently reported strong evidence that Yb 3+ ions can be incorporated into CsPbCl 3 nanoparticles substituting Pb 2+ or occupying interstitial sites. 15…”

Fast solution-phase growth of centimeter-sized Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, I) single crystals for high-performance scintillators

“…However, the high cost of rare earth elements may limit their commercialization. [14][15][16] To overcome these limitations, researchers have proposed the development of scintillators based on zero-dimensional (0D) or one-dimensional (1D) lead-free copper(I) halides. [17][18][19] These environmentally friendly crystals offer significant advantages, including their nonradioactive nature, better stability, low cost, and high-efficient self-trapped exciton (STE) emission with large Stokes shifts.…”