Atomic-scale design of friction and energy dissipation

In‐Plane Potential Gradient Induces Low Frictional Energy Dissipation during the Stick‐Slip Sliding on the Surfaces of 2D Materials

“…Specifically, the proportion of the path with the high energy barrier is reduced by 27% (Figure g), and it basically agrees well with the friction change in that a ≈30% friction reduction of the 53 nm thick nanosheet under the same load by applying a lateral bias of −8 V is observed in Figure a. To get deeper insights into the stick‐slip process, the frequency content of the lateral force and the individual dissipative mode were characterized on the basis of the analytical model proposed by Cammarata et al Among them, the lowest frequency is generated by the phonon scattering processes during the relative motion between the AFM tip and the MoS 2 nanosheet, which mainly reflects the dissipative processes of the stick‐slip behavior . Consequently, the component with the lowest frequency is weakened by the lateral bias, indicating that the phonon scattering dissipation is electrically suppressed.…”

“…For metals, the kinetic energy is also dissipated through forming electron–hole pairs or exciting local currents . So far, prospective progresses have been made in theoretical researches to elucidate the mechanisms of nanoscale friction, providing a deep insight into the electrovibrational coupling effect in the frictional energy dissipation process . Although the frictional dissipation can be simplified from the perspective of energy conversion, the factors that determine the energy dissipation in interfacial friction are very complicated, involving various physical or chemical properties of two contacting surfaces .…”

Phonon–phonon scattering selection rules and control: an application to nanofriction and thermal transport

“…We have already shown [26][27][28][29] that all possible sliding directions can be represented by suitable combinations of few vibrational modes, namely sliding modes; moreover, the layer sliding occurs until such modes own enough energy, and therefore, the frictional forces are all those forces which activate dissipative processes producing a depopulation of the sliding modes. 30 Such depopulation occurs via phonon-phonon scattering involving sliding and non-sliding, hence dissipative, modes; if such scattering is forbidden, then dissipation does not occur and sliding is longer active. In what follows, we show how symmetries determine which dissipation processes are allowed and suggest how to control them.…”

Comparative Study of Dimensionality and Symmetry Breaking on Nanoscale Friction in the Prandtl–Tomlinson Model with Varying Effective Stiffness

“…and their surrounding (UHV, air, N 2 , liquids) impacts the friction in unexpected ways through mechanisms of heat release and possible lubrication at the single molecule level. A key to understand this interaction most probably lays through variations in the dissipation coefficient [13,56,69,73,74] (and its manifestation in slip length) that was regarded here as constant, and serves as subject for a different work. Nanoscale friction in liquid surrounding opens a myriad of questions that need to be more thoroughly investigated with various sliding contacts, environments, and reinforcement with detailed molecular simulations.…”