“…1, an increase in temperature leads to increased activities of phonons (in crystalline insulators and some semi-conductors), electrons (in metal and some semi-conductors), propagons, diffusons, and locons (in amorphous non-metallic materials), [11,12] which in turn contribute to additional atomic displacements, an increase in the average interatomic distance, and a decrease in the restoring forces due to thermal expansion. [13][14][15][16] While increasing the dislocation mobility, a higher temperature lowers the minimum stresses required for homogeneous dislocation nucleation, dislocation gliding in a lattice, and breaking dislocation locks. As a result, thermal softening improves the plasticity of the material.…”