Atomic oxygen detection using two-photon degenerate four wave mixing

Picard, Y. J.; Grisch, Frédéric; Attal‐Trétout, Brigitte; Attal-Tretout, S. Le

doi:10.1007/s004600050109

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Attempts to detect atomic oxygen (its ground state exhibits triplet structure) in flames by Raman spectroscopy [20] and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (electronically resonant) [21] turned out to be difficult: the signals were strongly superimposed by molecular resonances. In contrast, two-photon resonant degenerated four-wave mixing [22,23] is a promising technique, which seems to be independent of quenching. However, this method has not yet been proven, to the best of our knowledge, to be suitable for quantitative measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute atomic oxygen density measurements by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in an RF-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Niemi¹,

Gathen

Döbele

2005

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

251

294

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The atmospheric pressure plasma jet is a capacitively coupled radio frequency discharge (13.56 MHz) running with a high helium flux (2 m 3 h −1 ) between concentric electrodes. Small amounts (0.5%) of admixed molecular oxygen do not disturb the homogeneous plasma discharge. The jet effluent leaving the discharge through the ring-shaped nozzle contains high concentrations of radicals at a low gas temperature-the key property for a variety of applications aiming at treatment of thermally sensitive surfaces. We report on absolute atomic oxygen density measurements by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) spectroscopy in the jet effluent. Calibration is performed with the aid of a comparative TALIF measurement with xenon. An excitation scheme (different from the one earlier published) providing spectral matching of both the two-photon resonances and the fluorescence transitions is applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute atomic oxygen density measurements by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in an RF-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Niemi¹,

Gathen

Döbele

2005

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

251

294

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“…This has led to the development of TPDFWM (two-photon-enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing) based on a third-order nonlinear process in the gas-phase medium. TPDFWM spectroscopy has been proved useful for the detection of Na (Liao et al 1977), Xe (Haueisen 1979), H 2 (Meijer and Chandler 1992), CO (Meijer andChandler 1992, Georgiev et al 1992), SF 6 (Steel and Lam 1979), NH 3 (Georgiev and Aldén 1993), H (Gray and Trebino 1993), NO (Ishii et al 1994) and recently O (Picard et al 1997, Konz et al 1997 in a low-pressure discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have studied the polarization properties of the signal through the perturbative calculation of the nonlinear susceptibility of the two-photon process. For signal to noise optimization, the forward geometry is preferred to the phase conjugate geometry as in our previous discharge study (Picard et al 1997). Numerical simulation of the DFWM spectra is achieved using this calculation, which accounts for polarization of the incident beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic oxygen detection in flames using two-photon degenerate four-wave mixing

Krüger

Boiteux

Picard

et al. 2000

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We report a theoretical and experimental investigation of atomic oxygen detection in an atmospheric-pressure flame by two-photon degenerate four-wave mixing (TPDFWM). We present analytical expressions for the TPDFWM signal that are based on the diagrammatic perturbation theory. The description of several polarization arrangements is given and used in our experiments. The importance of the polarization scheme is emphasized and the most efficient scheme is found by investigating signal and noise contributions. In this case, thermal grating contributions are greatly reduced and this allows quantitative concentration measurements in flame to be performed using TPDFWM.

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“…1,2 Both techniques have been used with great success in probing absorptions of dissociative or transient species and decay dynamics of excited molecular states. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Being absorption based coherent nonlinear processes, DFWM and TC-LIG have numerous advantages over other spectroscopic techniques. For example, coherence in the signal beam offers theoretically background free detection for a judiciously designed optical arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degenerate four wave mixing of pyridazine from a slit nozzle

Kong

1998

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Polarization and probe delay effect on degenerate four wave mixing of pyrazine Using a pulsed supersonic slit nozzle, the nonfluorescing *←n transition of pyridazine was investigated. The degenerate four wave mixing ͑DFWM͒ spectra showed numerous vibrational bands over a 1200 cm Ϫ1 region. Most of these bands were parallel transitions with a strong Q branch and weaker but observable P and R branches. Based on our previous model ͓H. Li and W. Kong, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 3774 ͑1997͔͒, these transitions were simulated with success. The polarization dependence of the rotational branching ratios suggested that primary contributions to the DFWM signal were from large spaced gratings formed by ground state molecules. The lack of contributions from excited state gratings and small spaced gratings was attributed to the fast internal conversion process on the S 1 surface of pyridazine ͑0.3-3 ns͒, the wash-out time due to movements of the sample in a molecular beam, and the duration time of the excitation laser ͑7 ns͒. Two vibrational bands showed unexpected enhancement in the P or R branch, but for each band, one adjustment factor was sufficient to reproduce the spectra recorded under all different polarization combinations. Perturbations were observable from the rotationally resolved spectra, however in most cases, rotational progressions did not seem to be affected by the perturbation in terms of both line positions and intensities. A more detailed analysis of the supersonically cooled spectra, together with data from a room temperature gas cell and ab initio calculations, will be necessary to completely interpret the spectroscopy of pyridazine. This paper demonstrates that with the increased sensitivity achievable through a slit nozzle, DFWM is an effective technique for detailed spectroscopic studies, particularly for nonfluorescing species.

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Atomic oxygen detection using two-photon degenerate four wave mixing

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Absolute atomic oxygen density measurements by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in an RF-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Absolute atomic oxygen density measurements by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in an RF-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Atomic oxygen detection in flames using two-photon degenerate four-wave mixing

Degenerate four wave mixing of pyridazine from a slit nozzle

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