Atomic models for the polypeptide backbones of myohemerythrin and hemerythrin

Hendrickson, Wayne A.; Ward, Keith B.

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(75)90508-2

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In some proteins, the four-a-helix bundle serves as a framework that encloses prosthetic groups (2), such as the heme in cytochrome b562 (4) and cytochrome c' (5), the dimeric iron center in myohemerythrin (6) and methemerythrin (7), or the nonheme iron in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers from two species (8,9). In other proteins, such as tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (10), uteroglobin (11), apoferritin (12), methionyl porcine somatotropin (13), the ColEl Rop protein (14), and interleukin 2 (15), no prosthetic group is enclosed inside the bundle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of the structure of the four-alpha-helix bundle in proteins.

Chou

Maggiora

Némethy

et al. 1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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The main features of the four-a-helix bundle, one of the characteristic structural elements of many proteins, can be explained in terms of noncovalent interactions between the constituent helices. Conformational energy computations have been carried out on four types of four-a-helix bundles, each consisting of four CH3CO-(L-Ala)1O-NHCH3 polypeptide chains, with various combinations of parallel and antiparallel orientations of the helices. In the bundle with the most favorable energy, all pairs of neighboring helices are oriented antiparallel-i.e., in the orientation that is favored by electrostatic interactions between the helices. In this structure, the orientation angle between neighboring helix axes is -168°, within ± 70, in close agreement with the orientation angles observed in proteins and with the value that we computed earlier for the most favorable packing of pairs of interacting a-helices. This orientation corresponds to a left-handed twisting of the helical bundle. The preferred handedness of this twisting arises as a result of favorable nonbonded interactions between the a-helices.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of the structure of the four-alpha-helix bundle in proteins.

Chou

Maggiora

Némethy

et al. 1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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“…The tests are the superposition of lamprey hemoglobin (Honzatko, Hendrickson & Love, 1985) onto sperm whale myoglobin (Phillips, 1980), myohemerythrin (Hendrickson & Ward, 1975) onto cytochrome c' (Weber, Howard, Xuong & Salemme, 1981), flavodoxin (Smith, Burnett, Darling & Ludwig, 1977) onto lactate dehydrogenase (White et al, 1976), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (Murthy, Garavito, Johnson & Rossmann, 1980) onto lactate dehydrogenase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase (Eklund et al, 1976) onto lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (Hill, Tsernoglou, Webb & Banaszak, 1972) onto lactate dehydrogenase, the variable domain of the light chain of the immunoglobulin REI (Epp, Lattman, Sehiffer, Huber & Palm, 1975) onto superoxide dismutase (Tanier, Getzoff, Beem, Richardson & Richardson, 1982), and phage T4 ',4 ~-.., ] Table I. * Root-mean-square separation of endpoints of local reference frames taken over all homologous pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated calculation of coordinate transformations for the superposition of protein structures

Honzatko¹

1986

Acta Cryst Sect A

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RAPIDLY COOLED ALLOYS WITH ICOSAHEDRAL SYMMETRY. IIations from periodicity everywhere in the material. These deviations appear in the diffraction patterns as internal modulations. The internal modulations are then connected uniquely (in the present case) to the external modulations through Umklapp processes.The rules for the occupancy of the atomic sites are thus found through the sequences of atomic layering over a large spatial range. One of these modulation periodicities agrees well with the second set of observed modulations. The appearance of this periodicity is suggestive that the limit of the occupancy sequences should be taken for successively larger periodic modulations. This generalization determines the entire sequence throughout the material (consistent with what can be seen from the experiment).It is significant that the atomic scale models constructed via experimental analysis lead to periodic (modulated) structures rather than aperiodic ones. However, the fact that successively larger periodic arrays are required to complete the description of the occupancy function suggests that the true structure is at the limit of the periodic approximations. This view yields some physical insight into the meaning of almost periodic functions as applied to the Al-Mn icosahedral phase. The unusual form of the structure factor (occupancy function) calculation relevant to the model developed in this series of papers closely resembles the Fourier transform associated with almost periodic functions. This analysis, which was built up of periodic (modulated) sequence models can be used to help define the relationship between classical three-dimensional periodicity and almost (or 'quasi') periodicity in a physical system. As the physical model is built up along the (lid axes according to the derived occupancy rules, it is possible that long-range flaws may occur. Such flaws would disrupt the perfect Fibonacci sequence while being consistent with the short-range requirements such as the rule that A may have as a neighbor either A or B, but B may only have A as a neighbor. Of course, such flaws would be very difficult to detect experimentally for reasons related to the difficulty of separating periodic and almost periodic lattices.Viewed thus, the icosahedral phase belongs firmly under the classification of crystal rather than glass. Only in so far as icosahedral packing is relevant to many glasses (and this is considerable), does this structure tell us something new about glasses.The clue to the discovery of the relationship between the reference lattice we derived and the Fibonacci sequence lay in the fact that two colinear sets of six modulations were derived from the electron diffraction patterns, and the ratio of their magnitudes was close to 7 -3 . In this regard, it is interesting that it was suggested by Mackay (1976) that a threedimensional icosahedral construction be attempted based on r 3 -r -3 = 4. Similarly, Mackay (1982) noted that inflation of the three-dimensional model results in a coincidence of every ...

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“…It is often to see the most common symptoms of Zika such as fever, rash skin, and pain of joint, red eyes, muscle pain, and headache presenting what known as "dengue-like" syndrome when the case developed [5,51,52]. Although the incubation period is not known, it most likely ranges from few days to a week.…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus then spread across eastward to the Pacific Ocean to French Polynesia then to Easter Island in 2014. In 2015, the virus spread to Mexico Central America, the Caribbean and South America, where the Zika outbreak has reached the pandemic stage [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Driving Factors, Transmission and Control Options of Zika Virus: A Review

Gulich¹

2016

J Infect Dis Ther

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Now days, the threats of infectious diseases particularly that emerges and or re-emerges is increasing. The main sources of emerging and re-emerging diseases originated from both wild and domestic animals. From few years onwards, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, SARS, Rift Valley fever, Influenza, Ebola, and so like, become the risks of the world. This paper deals about the recently re-merged diseases known as Zika fever. This disease is caused by a virus known as flavivirus and carried from one individual to another through a mosquito called Aedes causes this disease. The viral epidemiology covers the Americans, Africa, Asia and the pacific. Though not all the reservoir hosts are clearly identified, authors in general agreed the primates are the main reservoirs. Researchers tried to identify the driving factors of Zika virus infection as climatic condition, presence of vectors, the environmental ecology, travelling histories, urbanization and so like. Individual persons infected by Zika virus will show symptoms such as mild fever, rashes on the skin, inflammation of conjunctiva, pain on the muscle and joint, headache. The symptoms may normally stay from the minimum day 2 to twelve days. Currently the disease has no treatment and viral prevention; only it relies on the protection of the mosquito bite. Special precaution steps should be taken in cases of pregnant women and who intend to recently pregnant.

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Atomic models for the polypeptide backbones of myohemerythrin and hemerythrin

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Energetics of the structure of the four-alpha-helix bundle in proteins.

Energetics of the structure of the four-alpha-helix bundle in proteins.

Automated calculation of coordinate transformations for the superposition of protein structures

Epidemiology, Driving Factors, Transmission and Control Options of Zika Virus: A Review

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