Atomic layer deposition of alternative glass microchannel plates

O׳Mahony, Aileen; Craven, C. A.; Minot, Michael J.; Popecki, M. A.; Renaud, Joseph M.; Bennis, Daniel C.; Bond, Justin L.; Stochaj, Michael E.; Foley, Michael R.; Adams, Bernhard W.; Mane, Anil U.; Elam, Jeffrey W.; Ertley, Camden; Siegmund, Oswald H. W.

doi:10.1116/1.4936231

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The usual process of hydrogen firing in the preparation of a microchannel has a lot of shortcomings: first, the hydrogen firing process cannot independently adjust the conductive layer and the emission layer [ 10 , 11 ]; second, the heavy metal elements (Pb, Bi) lead to environmental pollution in the lead glass smelting process; third, large areas of MCP will become warped due to the high temperature [ 8 ]; fourth, lead glass being used hydrogen reduction reaction contains K, Rb and other radioactive elements resulting in background noise [ 8 ]; last, hydrogen which residues in the pores become ions due to bias voltage and they will fly in the opposite direction of electron to destroy the cathode of instrument [ 8 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of the AZO Conductive Layer on Microchannel Plate

et al. 2021

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When the resistivity of the AZO conductive layer is within the MCP resistance requirement, the interval of the Zn content is very narrow (70–73%) and difficult to control. Aiming at the characteristics of the AZO conductive layer on the microchannel plate, an algorithm is designed to adjust the ratio of the conductive material ZnO and the high resistance material Al2O3. We put forward the concept of the working resistance of the MCP (i.e., the resistance during the electron avalanche in the microchannel). The working resistance of AZO-ALD-MCP (Al2O3/ZnO atomic layer deposition microchannel plate) was measured for the first time by the MCP resistance test system. In comparison with the conventional MCP, we found that the resistance of AZO-ALD-MCP in working state and non-working state is very different, and as the voltage increases, the working resistance significantly decreases. Therefore, we proposed a set of analytical methods for the conductive layer. We also proposed to adjust the ratio of the conductive material of the ALD-MCP conductive layer to the high-resistance material under the working resistance condition, and successfully prepared high-gain AZO-ALD-MCP. This design opens the way for finding better materials for the conductive layer of ALD-MCP to improve the performance of MCP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of the AZO Conductive Layer on Microchannel Plate

et al. 2021

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“…The grating is coated with LiF due to the fact that it is a replica, and the fold mirror is coated with eLiF. The MCP detector plates are ALD processed, which enables the use of stronger substrate materials, improved temporal stability, and larger detector areas (Siegmund et al 2012;Ertley et al 2015;O'Mahony et al 2016).…”

Section: Assembly and Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radiation Environments of Middle-aged F-type Stars

Cruz Aguirre,

France,

Nell

et al. 2023

ApJ

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Far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission lines from dwarf stars are important driving sources of photochemistry in planetary atmospheres. Properly interpreting spectral features of planetary atmospheres critically depends on the emission of its host star. While the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of K- and M-type stars have been extensively characterized by previous observational programs, the full X-ray to infrared SED of F-type stars has not been assembled to support atmospheric modeling. On the second flight of the Suborbital Imaging Spectrograph for Transition-region Irradiance from Nearby Exoplanet host stars (SISTINE-2) rocket-borne spectrograph, we successfully captured the FUV spectrum of Procyon A (F5 IV-V) and made the first simultaneous observation of several emission features across the FUV bandpass (1010–1270 and 1300–1565 Å) of any cool star. We combine flight data with stellar models and archival observations to develop the first SED of a mid-F star. We model the response of a modern Earth-like exoplanet’s upper atmosphere to the heightened X-ray and extreme UV radiation within the habitable zone of Procyon A. These models indicate that this planet would not experience significant atmospheric escape. We simulate observations of the Lyα transit signal of this exoplanet with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). While marginally detectable with HST, we find that H i Lyα transits of potentially habitable exoplanets orbiting high radial velocity F-type stars could be observed with HWO for targets up to 150 pc away.

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“…MCP has a signal amplification effect on two-dimensional electron images. MCP is used in a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, military night vision products, cathode ray tube, photomultiplier tube, ultraviolet astronomy, x-ray image intensifier, nuclear physics, and other fields [2][3][4]. This is due to their direct response sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, various charged particles (such as electrons, ions, neutrons, and protons), and x-rays [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniformity of AZO conductive film on microchannel plate by atomic layer deposition and effect of annealing on bulk resistance

Zhu,

Xu,

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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AZO(ZnO/Al2O3) conductive films were deposited in the microchannel of microchannel plate (MCP) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The prepared films were characterized, including analysis of the thickness and composition uniformity of AZO films. The MCP bulk resistance was also measured, and the effect of annealing treatment on bulk resistance was investigated. The results suggest that the use of trimethylaluminum in the preparation of AZO composite film within the microchannel of MCP leads to corrosion of ZnO, resulting in non-uniformity in film thickness and incorrect composition of the film. The problem was resolved by increasing the pulse time of trimethylaluminum to 500 ms, resulting in the successful preparation of an AZO film with a uniform thickness and composition in the microchannel. After annealing, the bulk resistance of MCP increases while the variation of bulk resistance with voltage decreases. Specifically, the bulk resistance of the MCP having a ZnO/Al2O3 ratio of 7/2 only experiences changes of the same order of magnitude (~108 Ω) after undergoing a 60-minute annealing process in N2 at 300 ℃, thus satisfying the requirements of MCP.

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Atomic layer deposition of alternative glass microchannel plates

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

The Design of the AZO Conductive Layer on Microchannel Plate

The Design of the AZO Conductive Layer on Microchannel Plate

The Radiation Environments of Middle-aged F-type Stars

Uniformity of AZO conductive film on microchannel plate by atomic layer deposition and effect of annealing on bulk resistance

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