Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Wei, Yen; Jin, Danliang; Brennan, Daniel J.; Rivera, Dimaries Nieves; Zhuang, Qiya; DiNardo, N. J.; Qiu, Kun-Yuan

doi:10.1021/cm970703o

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…7 The most simple and convenient idea for construction of transparent and homogeneous hybrid materials is to increase the affinity between organic polymer and inorganic phases. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are generally prepared by incorporating covalent bonds [8][9][10][11][12][13] or by physical interactions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] to improve the compatibility between organic and inorganic phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Ôtsuka

Chujo

2010

Polym J

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Highly transparent and homogeneous hybrids containing a single nano-sized inorganic oxide domain were synthesized from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and aqueous dispersed zirconium oxide nanocrystals (ZrO 2 -NCs) in the presence of a coupling agent, 3-(methacryloxy)propyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTS), which was grafted onto the surface of ZrO 2 -NCs by zirconium hydroxide (Zr-OH) surface groups. The surface-functionalized ZrO 2 -NCs were used as macromonomers in the process of grafting from polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The densities of surface Zr-OH groups and MPTS surface modifications were determined using thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated successful bonding between organic and inorganic moieties. The morphology of the obtained hybrid films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Hybrid films possess interesting thermal stability and optical transparency characteristics because of the uniform incorporation of networks between organic polymer chains and inorganic nanocrystals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Ôtsuka

Chujo

2010

Polym J

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] Coltrain et al studied the morphologies and properties of the hybrid materials prepared by various acrylic polymers and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). 11 They discovered that the macroscopic phase separation of the hybrid materials is controlled by the backbone of the acrylic segment with the growing silica network.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Silica Hybrid Optical Thin Films

Chen

Lee

2000

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:A series of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-silica hybrid thin films was prepared by the in situ sol-gel process combined with spin coating and multi-step baking. The investigated acrylic monomers were methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MSMA). The alkoxide monomers for the preparation of the silicate segment were tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES). The prepared hybrid materials show good thermal stability and no phase separation. The AFM study suggests that the prepared hybrid thin films have excellent planarization. The refractive indices of the prepared hybrid thin films in the wavelength range of 190-900nm can be controlled by the side group on the Si atom as well as by content of the inorganic moiety. The extinction coefficients of the studied films were almost zero in the wavelength range of 190-900 nm indicating very high optical transparence. Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)-silica hybrid material is an interesting organic-inorganic material.10-14 Coltrain et al. studied the morphologies and properties of the hybrid materials prepared by various acrylic polymers and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). 11 They discovered that the macroscopic phase separation of the hybrid materials is controlled by the backbone of the acrylic segment with the growing silica network. Huang et al. used the in situ sol-gel process to prepare the acrylic-silica hybrid materials. 12 · 13 They obtained transparent hybrid materials and found that phase behavior is significantly affected by interactions between the side chain of the polymer segment and silica network. Wei et al. examined monolithic PMMA-silica hybrid materials. 14 They demonstrated the dependence of surface roughness on silica content. Although previous studies have examined the structures and properties of acrylic polymer-silica hybrid materials, the thin film properties of the hybrid materials have not been fully explored yet. For practical applications of the hybrid materials in electro-optical devices, a thin film material with controlled film thickness and optical properties is required. Slow evaporation at a low temperature for a long time reported in the literature was used to prepare the hybrid materials. Hence, hybrid materials with uncontrollable film thickness and a large portion of monomer and solvent residues were found in the PMMA-silica hybrid materials. 10 · 12 · 13 Therefore, a fundamental study for developing PMMA-silica hybrid thin films should be made. KEY WORDSIn this study, a series of PM MA-silica hybrid thin films was prepared by the in situ sol-gel process combined with spin coating and multi-step baking, as shown in Figure 1. The in situ sol-gel process avoids selfcondensation' of the MSMA moiety or reaction with moisture, which has been proven in the literature. 12 · 13 Multi-step baking was used to prevent void formation and film shrinkage due to evaporation of solvent and monomer residues. The used acrylic monomers were...

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“…Recientemente, la investigación se ha enfocado en materiales nanocompuestos sofisticados con un alto valor agregado. El progreso y perfeccionamiento de dispositivos de medición tales como Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM), Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión (TEM), Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (AFM) y Microscopía de Barrido de Tunelamiento (STM) han acelerado también la investigación en materiales nanométricos [11]. Desde este antecedente histórico, se han creado varios materiales nanocompuestos en las últimas dos décadas a través del enlace de los diversos campos de la química.…”

Section: I1 Materiales Híbridos Orgánico-inorgánicosunclassified

Synthesis and characterisation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers: Polystyrene-SiO2 & Polystyrene-TiO2

Carrillo¹

2018

Preprint

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This work focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of a new class of materials so-called organic-inorganic hybrid polymers, whose main characteristics are the synergy and bonding between an organic phase with an inorganic phase. This thesis is a research effort towards getting new and better materials for diverse and specialised applications.The synthesis of materials was carried out in two stages: in the first one hybrid particles of SiO2 and TiO2 were obtained via sol-gel process, both of them functionalised with vinyl groups, and nominal diameters of 200 nm and 220 nm, respectively. In the second stage hybrid polymers of the type polystryrene-SiO2 (PS-SiO2) and polystyrene-TiO2 (PS-TiO2) were obtained via free radical polymerisation, and employing different concentrations of the functionalised hybrid particles obtained in the first stage. These materials formed translucent and semiflexible films.The presence of the inorganic phase inside the organic phase for both systems, PS-SiO2 and PS-TiO2, promoted a decrease on the Tg inversely proportional to the concentration increase of PS-SiO2 and PS-TiO2, respectively, which suggests that the particles confer a plasticiser effect over the polymer matrix.For both systems, PS-SiO2 and PS-TiO2, apart from the Tg decrease, there were differences on the elastic modulus measured. These results suggest that these differences might be due to the difference in particle size and chemical species. Likewise, the thermal stability of both PS-SiO2 and PS-TiO2 increased significantly and in the same order, relative to pristine polystyrene.

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Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Silica Hybrid Optical Thin Films

Synthesis and characterisation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers: Polystyrene-SiO2 & Polystyrene-TiO2

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Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based hybrid materials with reactive zirconium oxide nanocrystals

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Silica Hybrid Optical Thin Films

Synthesis and characterisation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers: Polystyrene-SiO2 &amp; Polystyrene-TiO2

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Synthesis and characterisation of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers: Polystyrene-SiO2 & Polystyrene-TiO2