Atomic force microscopy imaging of the G-banding process of chromosomes

Abstract

The chromosome is an important genetic material carrier in living individuals and the spatial conformation (mainly referring to the chromosomal structure, quantity, centromere position and other morphological information) may be abnormal or mutated. Thus, it may generate a high possibility to cause diseases. Generally, the karyotype of chromosome G-bands is detected and analyzed using an optical microscope. However, it is difficult to detect the G-band structures for traditional optical microscopes on the nanometer scale. Herein, we have studied the detection method of chromosome G-band samples by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging.The structures of chromosome G-banding are studied with different trypsin treatment durations. The experiment result shows that the treatment duration of 20 s is the best time to form G-band structures. The AFM images show the structures of chromosome G-bands which cannot be observed under an optical microscope. This work provides a new way for the detection and diagnosis of chromosome diseases on the nanometer scale.

Determining the degree of chromosomal instability in breast cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

“…The nanometer resolution of AFM enables the observation of chromosomal structures and quantitative three-dimensional measurements. 22 The height value of chromosomes obtained by AFM allows the accurate determination of the position of chromosome breakage and recombination, avoiding any misjudgment by human vision. 23 In addition, AFM can achieve local amplification detection of abnormal chromosome structures, which is not possible with previous CIN detection methods.…”

Study on synergistic effects of 4f levels of erbium and black phosphorus/SnNb2O6 heterostructure catalysts by multiple spectroscopic analysis techniques

“…In recent years, our research group has carried out some preliminary exploration of RE SACs, but the research on the photocatalyst mechanism is not comprehensive or in-depth enough. 18,19 It is well known that SACs are synthesized by anchoring isolated metal atoms onto solid matrix materials. Among the catalyst materials reported, SnNb 2 O 6 (SNO) is a typical 2D semiconductor photocatalyst with many unique advantages, such as a suitable band gap (about 2.60 eV), large specic surface area, more active sites, and high stability.…”

“…39 More importantly, BP is a very good RE single atom carrier material. 18 However, the photocatalytic performance of unmodied BP is still very low. 40,41 To overcome this shortcoming, the use of BP and other semiconductors to construct heterostructure systems has proved to be an effective strategy.…”

Use of Atomic Force Microscopy in UVB-Induced Chromosome Damage Provides Important Bioinformation for Cell Damage Assessment

“…24−26 For example, the G-band structure of chromosomes has been clearly imaged by AFM. 27 Fan et al 28 studied the ultrastructure of G 1 -phase chromosomes by AFM and obtained the 30 nm chromatin fiber structure. Also, AFM has been used to study the effect of specific radiations on biological structure, 29 such as chromosome aberrations 30,31 caused by ionizing radiation and clastogen.…”

“…AFM shows great potential in high-resolution imaging and quantitative mechanical characterization of biological samples under near-physiological conditions. – Moreover, this technology provides unique insights into the characterization of chromosome structure and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between its structure and functions. – For example, the G-band structure of chromosomes has been clearly imaged by AFM . Fan et al studied the ultrastructure of G 1 -phase chromosomes by AFM and obtained the 30 nm chromatin fiber structure.…”