“…Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 20,21 is a plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique based on high power pulses, which utilizes an intense pulsed laser focused on the surface of the target sample to generate a plasma, realizing the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the sample composition. As an emerging means of chemical analysis, LIBS not only has the advantages of rapid, multi-element detection, but it also allows non-contact in situ detection, 22 which opens up new possibilities for real-time on-line detection, and it has been widely used in many elds, such as food safety, 23,24 substance detection, 25 geological exploration, 26 and Mars exploration.…”