Atomic Deceleration, Monochromatization and Trapping in Laser Waves: Theory and Experiments

Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrödinger’s Cat (Nobel Lecture)

“…The cooling observed in both experiments is typically called Doppler cooling, where the oscillation frequency of the ions’ motion is less than the line width of cooling transition. Theoretical groups were becoming interested in the cooling, some of the earlier work is discussed in references 21–23.…”

Überlagerungen, Verschränkungen und Schrödingers Katze (Nobel‐Aufsatz)

“…Etliche theoretische Gruppen wurden auf diese Arbeiten aufmerksam, und einige der frühen Arbeiten werden in Lit. 21–23 diskutiert.…”

Manipulating atoms with photons

“…These photons communicate to the atom a random recoil momentum បk, responsible for a momentum diffusion described by a diffusion coefficient D (Gordon and Ashkin, 1980;Letokhov and Minogin, 1981;Cohen-Tannoudji, 1992). As in usual Brownian motion, competition between friction and diffusion usually leads to a steady state, with an equilibrium temperature proportional to D/␣.…”

“…Although they are very small when one uses ordinary light sources, these forces were also investigated experimentally in the beginning of this century by P. Lebedev, E. F. Nichols and G. F. Hull, R. Frisch. For a historical survey of this research field, we refer the reader to review papers (Ashkin, 1980;Letokhov and Minogin, 1981;Stenholm, 1986;Adams and Riis, 1997) which also include a discussion of early theoretical work dealing with these problems by the groups of A. P. Kazantsev, V. S. Letokhov, in Russia, A. Ashkin at Bell Labs, and S. Stenholm in Helsinki.…”