Atomic and Electronic Structure of Solid-Density Liquid Carbon

Principi, Emiliano; Krylow, Sergej; Garcia, Martín E.; Simoncig, Alberto; Foglia, Laura; Mincigrucci, Riccardo; Kurdi, G.; Gessini, Alessandro; Bencivenga, Filippo; Giglia, Angelo; Nannarone, Stefano; Masciovecchio, C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.155703

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…35,36 Aside from photon spectroscopy and imaging experiments, the AQUA beamline will also allow for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, electron spectroscopies, and photofragmentation measurements. 37,38 In order to reach the water window, a GeV electron beam (either from PWFA or from the X-band RF linac at full power) is sent to ten Apple-X undulators with a period of 18 mm. Those undulators will produce SASE FEL light, with typical parameters (simulated with Genesis 39 ) reported in tab.…”

Section: Aqua Beamlinementioning

confidence: 99%

ARIA—A VUV Beamline for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB

et al. 2022

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EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB is a new Free Electron Laser (FEL) facility that is currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of the INFN. The electron beam driving the FEL will be delivered by an X-band normal conducting LINAC followed by a plasma wakefield acceleration stage. It will be characterized by a small footprint and will deliver ultra-bright photon pulses for experiments in the water window to the user community. In addition to the soft-X-rays beamline already planned in the project, we propose the installation of a second photon beamline with seeded FEL pulses in the range between 50 and 180 nm. Here, we will present the FEL generation scheme, the layout of the dedicated beamline and the potential applications of the FEL radiation source in this low energy range.

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Section: Aqua Beamlinementioning

confidence: 99%

ARIA—A VUV Beamline for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB

et al. 2022

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“…Based on these almost unique features, several spectroscopical methods, employed daily at synchrotron light-sources, such as X-ray absorption (XAS), linear and circular magnetic dichroism (XMLD/XMCD) and resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS), were extended into the time-domain. Moreover, the advent of fully coherent radiation sources, such as FERMI, has allowed pushing non-linear optical spectroscopies, normally exploited exclusively at table-top light-sources in the infrared (IR) or optical regimes, into the EUV/SXR wavelengths [9][10][11][12]. Nonetheless, the next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly constrained by the possibility of designing and performing time-resolved experiments exclusively engaging EUV, SXR and HXR pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science

et al. 2022

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Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale. The next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly linked to the possibility of engineering and exploiting time-resolved experiments exclusively for FELs pulses, ideally having different colors tunable at specific electronic resonance of the chemical elements. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed to the optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the auto correlator/delay creator. AC/DC is designed to double the incoming FEL pulse splitting the photon beam by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, thus preserving the spectral and temporal properties, and further delaying one of these two pulses in time. It can independently tune the FEL pulses fluence on the two optical paths by means of solid-state filters, too. Here, we present a detailed description about this optical device. Strong emphasis is dedicated to the AC/DC opto-mechanical design and to the laser-based feedback systems implemented to compensate for any mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and paraxial errors rising during a temporal delay scan.

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“…Use of the Beer–Lambert law assumes negligible reflectivity at normal incidence, which holds for carbon at 300 eV (refractive index n ≈ 1). 19 The FEL photon energy is varied to probe π* (285.7 eV) and σ* (309.2 eV) regions from the 1s core state. Knowledge of the pulse envelope is essential for correctly determining the pulse intensity; the seeded FERMI FEL is known to deliver pulses with a Gaussian envelope, similar to the sin 2 envelopes commonly used in theoretical calculations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed transmission is subsequently compared to the linear Beer–Lambert law. Use of the Beer–Lambert law assumes negligible reflectivity at normal incidence, which holds for carbon at 300 eV (refractive index n ≈ 1) . The FEL photon energy is varied to probe π* (285.7 eV) and σ* (309.2 eV) regions from the 1s core state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturable Absorption of Free-Electron Laser Radiation by Graphite near the Carbon K-Edge

Hoffmann

Jamnuch

Schwartz

et al. 2022

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The interaction of intense light with matter gives rise to competing nonlinear responses that can dynamically change material properties. Prominent examples are saturable absorption (SA) and two-photon absorption (TPA), which dynamically increase and decrease the transmission of a sample depending on pulse intensity, respectively. The availability of intense soft X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers (FELs) has led to observations of SA and TPA in separate experiments, leaving open questions about the possible interplay between and relative strength of the two phenomena. Here, we systematically study both phenomena in one experiment by exposing graphite films to soft X-ray FEL pulses of varying intensity. By applying real-time electronic structure calculations, we find that for lower intensities the nonlinear contribution to the absorption is dominated by SA attributed to ground-state depletion; our model suggests that TPA becomes more dominant for larger intensities (>10 14 W/cm 2 ). Our results demonstrate an approach of general utility for interpreting FEL spectroscopies.

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Atomic and Electronic Structure of Solid-Density Liquid Carbon

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

ARIA—A VUV Beamline for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB

ARIA—A VUV Beamline for EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB

AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science

Saturable Absorption of Free-Electron Laser Radiation by Graphite near the Carbon K-Edge

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