Atom transfer radical suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by CuCl/bpy

Zhu, Chengfeng; Sun, Fuping; Zhang, Min; Jin, Jian Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.016

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Herein, these parameters are obtained from some open references and our previous works as shown in Table 2 and the polymerization data were taken from Zhu et al's suspension ATRP performed at 90 °C. [ 13 ] What is more, the termination rate coeffi cient is given according to Equation ( 32) k g k k ( )…”

Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016, 10, 479−489 Figure 1. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental data [ 13 ] for the batch suspension ATRP at 90 °C: A) monomer conver-…”

Section: Validation Of the Coupled Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Few studies on suspension ATRP have been reported. [11][12][13][14] Due to its huge advantages in avoiding the two main problems (i.e., the highly exothermic reactions, the large Based on this opinion, Kalfas et al [ 16 ] developed a two-phase free-radical kinetic model for suspension polymerization. Their simulated results were in good agreement with batch suspension experimental data when using kinetic parameters from the bulk polymerization literatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of the Methyl Methacrylate Atom Transfer Radical Suspension Polymerization Process: Polymerization and Particle Kinetics

Xie

Luo

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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increase in viscosity), [15] suspension polymerization is one of the most important technologies applied in the poly merization industry. A key consideration in designing a suspension polymerization is to achieve such that desired molecular microstructure and droplet/particle size dis tribution (PSD) of polymers are satisfied. The number average molecular weight (M n ) and polydispersity index (PDI), as the most basic performance indices of polymer affecting the polymer enduse properties, are mainly determined by polymerization kinetics, and the PSD can control some key aspects of operation including suspen sion stability and productivity. Hence, there is a growing demand for studying suspension polymerization kinetics and its droplet/particle kinetics.For a suspension polymerization, two characteristic phases, i.e., the aqueous phase and the dispersed phase, are present. If the dissolved monomer in the aqueous phase is ignored, the polymerization process occurring at the suspension droplets will be considered as a bulk one.In this work, a mathematical model is developed to characterize the batch atom transfer rad ical suspension polymerization (batch suspension ATRP). For the first time, the morphological and molecular properties of particles, as well as their dynamics in methyl methacrylate ATRP can be simultaneously simulated by solving the model that consists of ATRP kinetic equations, moment equations, a phase equilibrium equation for calculating equilibrium monomer dis tributions in various phases, and a particle population balance model. The proposed model is verified using the open experimental data. Based on the verified model, two key operating factors including the ratios of monomer to initiator and water to monomer are studied in order to investigate the batch suspension ATRP kinetics. In addition, the model is also used to predict the droplet/par ticle size distribution. The effects of breakage rate, coales cence rate, and agitation speed on the droplet volume density distribution and the Sauter mean diameter are discussed in details. The simulated results demonstrate that the coupled model can describe the batch suspension ATRP kinetics and its droplet kinetics.

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Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016, 10, 479−489 Figure 1. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental data [ 13 ] for the batch suspension ATRP at 90 °C: A) monomer conver-…”

Section: Validation Of the Coupled Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of the Methyl Methacrylate Atom Transfer Radical Suspension Polymerization Process: Polymerization and Particle Kinetics

Xie

Luo

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…A search of the literature has revealed that the volume of the literature is increasing day by day for the use of compounds as new radical initiators. These include suitable catalysts such as copper chloride/bipyridine5 and ylides containing metals and nonmetals. The reaction reported by Wittig6 about the conversion of carbonyl groups into olefinic function has altered the role of ylides, moving them from the realm of chemical curiosities into the arsenal of important synthetic tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chinot¹

2004

Cancer

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“…[8][9][10] Since its discovery in 1995, ATRP has rapidly attracted growing interest of many researchers and industry because of the versatility in the synthesis of polymers with adjustable molecular weights, low polydispersities, compositions, functionalities, and therefore specific properties. It has shown to be an efficient method for the controlled polymerization of wide range of monomers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] without being affected by the functionalities present in the monomer, initiator or the solvent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

2D NMR Analysis of Acrylonitrile/2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate Copolymers Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Brar

Saini

2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The copolymerization of acrylonitrile (A) and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (M) at three different molar in-feed compositions was carried out under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions using 2-bromopropionitrile (BPN) as initiator and CuCl/2,2 0 -bipyridine (bpy) as catalyst system in ethylene carbonate at 60 C. Linear first order kinetics, linearly increasing molecular weight with conversion, and low polydispersities were observed for all the copolymerization. The copolymer compositions, obtained from 1 H NMR spectra, were utilized to determine the monomer reactivity ratios (r A ¼ 1:52 and r M ¼ 0:60) involved in ATRP. Two-dimensional NMR [Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) and Total Correlated Spectroscopy (TOCSY)] experiments in conjunction with onedimensional [ 1 H, 13 C{ 1 H}, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)] experiments were employed for assigning the complex and overlapping signals to various compositional and configurational sequences. The spectral assignments of carbonyl as well as nitrile carbons were done with the help of heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra.

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Atom transfer radical suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by CuCl/bpy

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Modeling of the Methyl Methacrylate Atom Transfer Radical Suspension Polymerization Process: Polymerization and Particle Kinetics

Modeling of the Methyl Methacrylate Atom Transfer Radical Suspension Polymerization Process: Polymerization and Particle Kinetics

Author reply

2D NMR Analysis of Acrylonitrile/2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate Copolymers Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

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