Atom transfer radical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate

Neugebauer, Dorota; Bury, Katarzyna; Wlazło, Michał

doi:10.1002/app.35234

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2b). These results are in good agreement with the earlier reports in the literature describing the synthesis of linear copolymers by ATRP, initiated by ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, which showed a slightly higher reactivity of GMA in the pair with allyl methacrylate (r GMA =1.22, r M2 = 0.82) [28] or methyl methacrylate (r GMA =1.21, r MMA =0.85) [29]. The relation r 1 ≥r 2 for the comonomer pair GMA/MMA, where r GMA ≥1 and r MMA <1, means that both free radical types GMA and MMA easily react with the GMA monomer, which instantaneously causes the copolymer to be slightly richer in GMA than the monomer mixture that it originates from.…”

Section: Sugar-based Copolymers With Oxirane Pendant Groupssupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-centered copolymers

2014

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A series of well-defined polymers with various content of reactive oxirane groups (25-100 mol%) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The acetal derivatives of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside used as bi-, tri-, and tetrafunctional initiators allowed us to design macromolecules containing a sugar moiety in the center with V-and star-shaped topologies, and a length of each polymethacrylate segment in the range of 30-75 units. Various degrees of oxirane ring opening via aminolysis with mono-and diamines (20-100 %) or azidation (100 %) have demonstrated that the reactivity of pendant epoxide groups incorporated into the polymer was strongly dependent on the nucleophile agent and reaction environment. The complete transformation in the reaction with ethylenediamine and sodium azide yielded amphiphilic copolymers with differential solubility (diaminefunctionalized polymers in polar protic solvents, e.g., water, versus azide-functionalized polymers in polar aprotic solvents, e.g., dimethylformamide). A few polymeric forms, that is unimers (0.5-1 nm), micelles (5-30 nm), aggregates (170-290 nm) and superaggregates (> 4,500 nm), were indicated by DLS measurements of water-soluble ethylenediamine derivatives of copolymers. Both the epoxy-functionalized polymers and their modified derivatives are potential materials for biomedical applications.

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Section: Sugar-based Copolymers With Oxirane Pendant Groupssupporting

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-centered copolymers

2014

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“…Reactivity ratio values may be evaluated by various procedures: linear procedures, nonlinear procedures, and other copolymer composition equations . In this work, the monomer reactivity ratios were determined comparing the following methods: Jaacks (J) method , Finemann–Ross (F–R) method , inverted Finemann–Ross (IF–R) method , and Kelen–Tüdos (K–T) method . The calculation of the monomer reactivity ratios requires the mathematical treatment of experimental data on the compositions of copolymers and monomer feed mixtures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

et al. 2013

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Homo‐ and copolymers of 4‐fluorostyrene (FSt) and styrene (St) were synthesized with different feed ratios using free radical bulk polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. It yielded series of (co)polymers with various amounts of included FSt, P(St‐co‐FSt) (5–50 mol%) and PFSt. The effect of the initiator concentration on the molecular weights of the homopolymers, that is, PSt and PFSt was investigated. Copolymer compositions were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative reactivity ratios of both comonomers were determined by applying the conventional linearization methods of Jaacks (J), Finemann–Ross (F–R), inverted Finemann–Ross (IF–R), and Kelen‐Tüdos (K–T). The reactivity ratios values of St and FSt obtained from J plot are 1.06 and 0.84, F–R plot are 1.18 and 1.06, IF–R 1.01 and 0.86, and K–T plot 1.04 and 0.88, respectively. Thermal properties of prepared (co)polymers, that is, glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability, were determined from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetrical measurements. The lack of significant influence of FSt comonomer content on Tg of (co)polymers was observed. Additionally, the thermal degradation kinetics of obtained PSt and PFSt was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic parameters such as the thermal decomposition activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were estimated by Ozawa model [E(O) and A(O), respectively] and Kissinger model [E(K) and A(K), respectively]. The activation energy and the frequency factor of PFSt (253 kJ/mol) were higher than PSt (236 kJ/mol). The resulting activation energies estimated using the two methods were quite close. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1170–1181, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…This method requires the use of a large excess of one of the monomers to achieve an almost pure polymer containing only small concentration of the second monomer . Consequence of this is the simplified composition equation:

\frac{d true[M_{1} true]}{d true[M_{2} true]} = r_{1} \cdot \frac{true[M_{1} true]}{true[M_{2} true]}

where

r_{1} = \frac{k_{11}}{k_{12}}

is the reactivity ratios of monomer 1 (monomer which was used in excess), M 1 is the monomer 1, M 2 is the monomer 2, k 11 and k 12 are the rates constant of homoporopagation and copropagation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene with trifluoromethyl units: Monomer reactivity ratios, thermal behavior, flammability, and thermal degradation kinetics

Wiacek

Wesołek

Rojewski

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chemical modification based on incorporation of flame retardants (FR) into the polymer backbone was used in order to reduce polystyrene flammability. 3‐(trifluoromethyl)styrene (StCF3) and 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)styrene (St(CF3)2) were applied as reactive FR. Copolymers were synthesized with different feed ratios and it gave series of copolymers with various amounts of StCF3 and St(CF3)2 (5–50% mol/mol of St). Glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability of obtained (co)polymers were determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Kinetic parameters such as the thermal decomposition activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were estimated by Ozawa and Kissinger models. Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) was applied as a tool for assessing the flammability of the synthesized (co)polymers. Relative reactivity ratios were determined by applying the conventional linearization Jaacks method (rSt = 1.34, rStCF3 = 0.54), (rSt = 0.47, rSt(CF3)2 = 0.13). The results suggest that incorporation of fluorinated styrenes into PSt enchance flame retardance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42839.

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Atom transfer radical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-centered copolymers

Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic methyl α-D-glucopyranoside-centered copolymers

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

Polystyrene with trifluoromethyl units: Monomer reactivity ratios, thermal behavior, flammability, and thermal degradation kinetics

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