Atom-Based Sensing of Weak Radio Frequency Electric Fields Using Homodyne Readout

Kumar, Santosh; Fan, Haoquan; Kübler, Harald; Sheng, Jiteng; Shaffer, James P.

doi:10.1038/srep42981

Cited by 143 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These factors are: the technical noise of the probe laser, the residual Doppler effect due to the wavelength mismatch of the EIT probe and coupling lasers, and the photon shot noise of the probe laser on the photodetector. Recently, we have utilized a homodyne detection technique with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to suppress the technical noise of the probe laser [36]. We achieved a new sensitivity limit for atombased RF E-field sensing of ∼ 5 µVcm −1 Hz −1/2 which was determined to be photon shot noise limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traces shown in Fig. 1 were obtained using amplitude modulation of the coupling laser as used for our previous works [6,27,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rydberg atom-based electrometry can also reach frequencies above ∼ 150 GHz for which there is no current traceable standard [35]. We have demonstrated in our prior work that it is possible to achieve a sensitivity of ∼ 5 µVcm −1 Hz −1 and accuracies of ∼ 1% using Rydberg atom-based sensors at GHz frequencies [6,36]. Imaging with sub-wavelength resolution [37,38] and vector RF E-field measurements [39] can be used to extend the utility of the technique.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Rydberg-atom based radio-frequency electrometry using frequency modulation spectroscopy in room temperature vapor cells

Kumar¹,

Fan²,

Kübler³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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123

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Rydberg atom-based electrometry enables traceable electric field measurements with high sensitivity over a large frequency range, from gigahertz to terahertz. Such measurements are particularly useful for the calibration of radio frequency and terahertz devices, as well as other applications like near field imaging of electric fields. We utilize frequency modulated spectroscopy with active control of residual amplitude modulation to improve the signal to noise ratio of the optical readout of Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electrometry.Matched filtering of the signal is also implemented. Although we have reached similarly, high sensitivity with other read-out methods, frequency modulated spectroscopy is advantageous because it is well-suited for building a compact, portable sensor. In the current experiment, ∼3 µV cm −1 Hz −1/2 sensitivity is achieved and is found to be photon shot noise limited.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traces shown in Fig. 1 were obtained using amplitude modulation of the coupling laser as used for our previous works [6,27,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Rydberg-atom based radio-frequency electrometry using frequency modulation spectroscopy in room temperature vapor cells

Kumar¹,

Fan²,

Kübler³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

Self Cite

123

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“…Recently, atom-based microwave (MW) measurement has also inspired great interest because of its potential ability to link the MW quantities with SI units. As a result, relying on various physical principles, many atom-based MW sensors have been developed [1], such as the MW power standard [16][17][18][19], MW electrometry [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], MW electric/magnetic field imaging [22,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], and MW magnetometers [41,42]. As compared to traditional measurement, atom-based measurement is intrinsically calibrated where field strength is translated into Rabi frequency W via well-known atomic constants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabi resonance in Cs atoms and its application to microwave magnetic field measurement

et al. 2018

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We have recently presented a technique for measuring unknown microwave (MW) fields based on Rabi resonances induced by the interaction of atoms with a phase-modulated MW field. The singlepeak feature of the measurement model makes the technique a valuable tool for simple and fast field measurement. Here we demonstrated a detailed investigation of Rabi resonance of Cs atoms inside a vapour cell. For illustration, we used the Rabi resonance-based field detection technique to determine the field strength inside an X-band cavity for applied power in the range of −21 to 20 dBm. The difference between the practical measurement and the simulation was approximately about 3% for an applied power of 20 dBm, and a higher accuracy could be expected for a larger power input.

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“…Applied RF E-field induces strong ac-stark coupling between Rydberg states, resulting in an Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of a ladder-type electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) [5], which can convert the measurement of RF field into optical frequency determination [3]. Comparing with conventional methods, this quantum-optical method has advantages of high sensitivity with a predicted shot noise limit of pV·cm −1 ·Hz −1/2 [6], high accuracy with an expected measurement uncertainty of 0.5% [3,7], ultra-broadband measurement covering from ∼100 MHz to THz [8,9], and atom-based self-calibration. This method is promising to become a new generation of RF E-field measurement standard [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rydberg-atom-based digital communication using a continuously tunable radio-frequency carrier

et al. 2019

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High-sensitive measurement of radio-frequency (RF) electric field is available via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of Rydberg atom at room-temperature, which has been developed to be a promising atomic RF receiver. In this Letter, we investigate the credibility of the digital communication via this quantum-based antenna over the entire continuously tunable RF-carrier. Our experiment shows that digital communication at a rate of 500 kbps performs reliably within a tunable bandwidth of 200 MHz at carrier 10.22 GHz and a bit error rate (BER) appears out of this range, for example, the BER runs up to 15% at RF-detuning ±150 MHz. In the measurement, the time-variant RF field is retrieved by detecting the density of the probe laser at the center frequency of RF-induced symmetric or asymmetric Autler-Townes splitting in EIT. Prior to the digital test, we have studied the RF-receiving quality versus the physical ambiance and found that a choice of linear gain response to the RF-amplitude can suppress the signal distortion and the modulating signal is able to be decoded as fast as up to 500 kHz in the tunable bandwidth. Our checkout consolidates the physical foundation for a reliable communication and spectrum sensing over the broadband RFE-field signal in free-space can be captured by measuring the transmission of a probe laser in a condition of a Rydberg EIT. Owing to unique advantages of free-space RF field sensing, the quantum receiver has great significance compared with conventional electronics-based receivers, including but not limited to the weak signal, long-distance communication in free space or via a fiber link. All the principle experiments of communication were performed over carrier of an optimized resonant frequency of Rydberg states [11][12][13].

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Atom-Based Sensing of Weak Radio Frequency Electric Fields Using Homodyne Readout

Cited by 143 publications

References 54 publications

Rydberg-atom based radio-frequency electrometry using frequency modulation spectroscopy in room temperature vapor cells

Rydberg-atom based radio-frequency electrometry using frequency modulation spectroscopy in room temperature vapor cells

Rabi resonance in Cs atoms and its application to microwave magnetic field measurement

Rydberg-atom-based digital communication using a continuously tunable radio-frequency carrier

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