Atom-at-a-Time Chemistry

Hoffman, Darleane C.

doi:10.1524/ract.1993.61.34.123

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…More neutron-rich and, hence, longer-lived products are obtained in hot fusion reactions of 18 O, 22 Ne, 26 Mg, and 34 S projectiles with actinide targets. Typical experimental conditions are heavy-ion beam currents of 3 × 10 12 particles/s and a maximum useful target thickness of about 900 µg cm -2 .…”

Section: Synthesis and Decay Of Transactinidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For element 108, hassium (Hs), 269 Hs with a half-life of 10 s [44] will be used for chemical studies. A suitable production reaction is 26 Mg + 248 Cm. These long half-lives are due to the enhanced nuclear stability near the deformed shell N = 162.…”

Section: Synthesis and Decay Of Transactinidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A renewed interest in studying the chemical properties of the transactinide elements in more detail, both experimentally and theoretically, arose in the late 1980s; see [25][26][27][28][29][30] for recent reviews. This extensive series of detailed investigations was made possible by the development of new experimental techniques such as computer-controlled automated systems that have greatly improved our ability to perform rapidly and reproducibly large numbers of chromatographic separations on miniaturized columns in the liquid phase and to detect the transactinides through their characteristic α-decay and preferably by correlated αα-mother-daughter correlations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

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Section: Synthesis and Decay Of Transactinidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis and Decay Of Transactinidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…A renewed interest in studying the chemical properties of the transactinide elements in more detail both experimentally and theoretically arose starting in the late 1980s, see, e.g., Hoffman [24][25][26], Kratz [27,28], Schädel [29], Kratz [30], Schädel [31], Kratz [32][33][34], Schädel [35], and Kratz [43] for recent reviews. This extensive series of detailed investigations was made possible by the development of new experimental techniques such as computer-controlled automated systems that have greatly improved our ability to perform rapidly and reproducibly large numbers of chromatographic separations on miniaturized columns in the liquid phase and to detect the transactinides through their characteristic α decay and preferably by αα-motherdaughter correlations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous-phase chemistry of the transactinides

Kratz¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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Rapid automated chemical separations / Liquid-liquid extraction / Ion exchange /Reversed-phase extraction chromatography / α-particle spectroscopy / Relativistic effects Summary. The experimental techniques developed to perform rapid chemical separations of the heaviest elements in the aqueous phase are presented. In general, these include transport of the nuclear reaction products to a separation device by the gas-jet technique and dissolution in an aqueous solution containing inorganic ligands for complex formation. The complexes are chemically characterized by a partition method which can be liquid-liquid extraction, ion-exchangeor reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The separated fractions are quickly evaporated to dryness for the preparation of samples for α-particle spectroscopy. Comments are given on the special situation in which chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. Theoretical predictions of chemical properties are compared to the presently known chemical behaviour of rutherfordium, Rf (element 104), dubnium, Db (element 105), seaborgium, Sg (element 106), and hassium, Hs (element 108) and to that of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table in order to assess the role of relativistic effects in the chemistry of the heaviest elements.

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“…A renewed interest in studying the chemical properties of the transactinide ele ments in more detail both experimentally and theoretically arose in the late 1980s, see [25][26][27][28][29][30] for recent reviews. This extensive series of detailed investigations was made possible by the development of new experimental techniques such as computer-controlled automated systems that have greatly improved our ability to perform rapidly and reproducibly large numbers of chromatographic separations on miniaturized columns in the liquid phase and to detect the transactinides through their characteristic a decay and preferably by correlated aa-motherdaughter correlations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%