Atmungsventilation der Polych�ten

Lindroth, Arne

doi:10.1007/bf00297957

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The bubbles are retained inside the burrow for some minutes and then exchanged for new bubbles. This kind of 'ebb-ventilation' was first described by Lindroth (1941). According to this author this is a common behavioural feature of several intertidal macrofauna organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biochemical adaptations of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) to temporarily increased hydrogen peroxide levels in intertidal sandflats

Abele-Oeschger¹,

Oeschger²,

Theede³

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Toxic hydrogen peroxide (H202] is photochemically generated in hyperoxic and normoxlc intertidal pools. Surprisingly high amounts of H202 penetrate the redoxcline, and are measurable in pore water in spite of the anoxic conditions prevailing there. Bioturbate macrofauna inhabiting these sediments encounters oxic conditions with peroxide in surface pools and anoxic conditions with peroxide in the sediment. We studied antioxidative properties in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed annual variations correlated to the environmental peroxide concentrations. Epitokous specimens from April exhibited very high enzyme activities. Catalase was predominantly localised in the mitochondria and is inducible by peroxide incubation under experimental conditions. SOD activities were not inducible during oxic peroxide incubation. In contrast, SOD had higher activities when the worms were kept anoxically in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (100 pM) or hydrogen peroxide (5 PM). The radical stress the worms encountered during anoxic peroxide incubation was reflected by a highly increased lactate formation.Under oxic conditions 500 nM H202 decreased oxygen uptake of N. diversicolor by 38%. In epitokous N. diversicolor, this was accompanied by a conversion of heme to the green pigment biliverdin, a potent antioxidant. Billverdin was accumulated by the worms dunng oogenesis under natural conditions. Therefore its formation during spawning seems to be a response to increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations in sediment pore water during spring. Biliverdin was not formed under anoxic conditions, because the conversion requires oxygen. Atokous worms lacked the ability to form biliverdin when exposed to peroxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Biochemical adaptations of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta) to temporarily increased hydrogen peroxide levels in intertidal sandflats

Abele-Oeschger¹,

Oeschger²,

Theede³

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The non-muscular ventral surface is pulled up by the oblique and dorsoventral muscles at the same time as the elytrophore muscles contract. Some change of body shape occurs, but nothing like the body flexion depicted by Lindroth (1941), and van Dam (1940) noticed that in natural conditions under sand the dorsal felt follows the elytra when they are depressed. The habit of ventilating by regular elytral movements seem to be peculiar to aphroditids and is not found in polynoids (Fordham, 1925) although they can depress their scales, e.g.…”

Section: The Role Of Muscles In Respiratory Movementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional design and evolution of the polychaete Aphrodite aculeata

Mettam¹

1971

Journal of Zoology

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With 10 figures in the text)The body form of Aphrodiie is attributed to its exploitation of the nereid creeping mechanism. It employs a fast stepping pattern, individual limb movements being extension and retraction of the neuropodiuni with co-ordinated chaetal movement. The downward and backward propulsive stroke raises the worm clear of a hard substratum. The notopodium is stabilized and its long chaetae raised and lowered in defence.The segments are short but wide. The body wall muscles, relieved of locomotory function, are a basketwork of longitudinal and diagonal muscles capable of maintaining constant body dimensions. Muscles of the appendages originate from stabilized points on the body wall. Trunk septa are reduced, in association with the constant body shape, but the first few septa form a membrane enclosing the proboscis. Complete and muscular septa occur in the rectal segments.During respiratory movements the elytra are depressed by intrinsic and extrinsic elytrophore muscles and elevated by coelomic pressure. Coelomic pressure drops immediately before elytral depression and is controlled by the body wall muscles, especially the diagonal muscles.Aphrodite differs from its near relative Hermione in the reduction of septa and simplification of body musculature.

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“…There is mounting evidence for the view that the only significant primary decomposers of plant material in the sea are niicrobial (reviewed in Fenchel, 1972). Both Capitella and Nereis are known to irrigate their burrows (Lindroth, 1941).…”

Section: Net Influx Of Naturally Occurring Amities and Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%