Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants to and from the Arctic under Present-Day and Future Climate

Octaviani, Mega; Stemmler, Irene; Lammel, Gerhard; Graf, Hans F.

doi:10.1021/es505636g

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Endosulfan had also been reported from Arctic Ocean surface seawater at quite high concentrations (Jantunen and Bidleman 1998; Weber et al 2010; Cai et al 2010; Zhong et al 2012), another sea receiving air from polluted (mid latitudes) regions (e.g. Octaviani et al 2015). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Lammel

Spitzy

Audy

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Despite the fact that most persistent toxic substances have hardly been primarily emitted for several decades, their concentrations are only slowly decreasing in the global oceans. Surface seawater samples were collected along a 38°–24° N/28°–67° W transect in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. While the concentration levels of hexachlorobenzene (2.1–6.1 pg L−1), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT, up to 2.1 pg L−1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB, 10.8–24.9 pg L−1) were in the same range as observed earlier in the North Atlantic, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, 90–627 pg L−1) was found elevated, partly also relative to previous measurements in the same sea region. Hereby, the ratio α-HCH/γ-HCH was very low, 0.09–0.13. Chlordane and endosulfan were found in the range <3.0–11.1 and <5.8–8.8 pg L−1 respectively. DDT metabolites, endrin and related pesticides were found below quantification limits. Spatial pollution patterns in surface seawaters seem to be determined by atmospheric and oceanic transport patterns, rather than by mixing and air-sea equilibrium. The comparison with global multicompartment chemistry-transport model predictions of surface seawater levels indicate underestimated degradation of PCBs and overestimated emissions of endosulfan.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7429-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Global PCB distributions 1950–2100 in response to historic emissions have been modelled (Lammel and Stemmler 2012; Octaviani et al 2015), simulating one possible realization of present and future climate. The model-predicted surface seawater concentration of PCBs (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Lammel

Spitzy

Audy

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…[11,17,19,69] The entrainment of chemicals in a remote Interior Alaskan glacier reiterates the transport and deposition of Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 9 August 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0176.v1…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6,7,[10][11][12][13][14] ΣHCH has the greatest atmospheric range of all OCPs, due in part to its high volatility and low reactivity, which increases the probability of Arctic deposition. [15][16][17][18][19] Based upon this previous work, we hypothesized that it would be possible to identify an OCP signal within glaciers of the Interior Alaskan Arctic, where no OCP glacial sampling studies have been conducted. Our recent assessment of screening level risk from glacially mobilized OCPs in the Swiss Alps identified potential cancer and disease risk from long-term fish consumption in the proglacial watershed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of DDT has been recorded within the last decade in China, India and DPR Korea, [31,32] with atmospheric transport across the Pacific [19,33,34] and preferential OCP snow scavenging [13,35] increasing the likelihood of deposition onto Alaskan glaciers. [36][37][38] Recently retrieved ice core records from Interior Alaska indicate that the strengthening Aleutian low has resulted in increased snow deposition in the Alaska Range since 1840.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Miner¹,

Campbell²,

Gerbi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across glacial meltwater and ice core samples we utilize solid-phase extraction technology and identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α-HCH and ϒ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7-14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and possibly associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight Malaria in Asia, and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice of this remote glacier, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for bioaccumulation of OCPs, in humans or animals, of glacially distributed pollutants may increase as glacial melt continues.

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Feature extraction of climate variability, seasonality, and long‐term change signals in persistent organic pollutants over the Arctic and the Great Lakes

et al. 2017

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We explored the interactions between climate variability and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) data in the frequency domain. The spectrum analysis identifies a power period of 1.5 to 7 years in sampled POPs data in the Great Lakes (GL) and Arctic in the 1990s to 2000s, coinciding with the power period of two climate variabilities, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Results also reveal a decadal power period in monitored POPs time series, which is associated with air temperature and climate indices, demonstrating the connection between the dominant long‐term trend in sampled POPs data and climate change. We used a “cocktail party effect” and Fast Independent Component Analysis approaches to blindly separate and isolate the signals in POPs time series from different dynamic and environmental processes in the Arctic and the GL. Among seasonal, interannual, and decadal or longer‐term signals extracted from sampled POPs concentration data, the climate signals in hexachlorobenzene in the GL are associated with air temperature, El Niño–Southern Oscillation indices, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The signals in α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and polychlorinated biphenyls observations at three Arctic sites correspond to a Niño 3.4 and the NAO. The other two signals are associated with the longer term and seasonal cycle of POPs. We show that the seasonal cycle and climate change are important factors, buffering the declining trend of α‐HCH. The signals feature extraction from POPs historical data provides a tool to deconstruct the POPs time series and enhance our understanding of the potential effects of climate variations on POPs environmental cycling.

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Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants to and from the Arctic under Present-Day and Future Climate

Cited by 48 publications

References 66 publications

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along an east-to-west gradient in subtropical North Atlantic surface water

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Feature extraction of climate variability, seasonality, and long‐term change signals in persistent organic pollutants over the Arctic and the Great Lakes

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