Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Calabrese, Stefano; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Allard, P.; Bagnato, E.; Bellomo, S.; Brusca, L.; D’Alessandro, W.; Parello, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.09.040

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most used element for non-volatile reference is Mg, due to its low-volatility, abundance, and its concentration in condensates is independent of temperature (Symonds et al, 1990(Symonds et al, , 1992Yudovskaya et al, 2008). However, different low-volatile elements can be used as reference, like Al (e.g., Zoller et al, 1983), Ti (e.g., Symonds et al, 1987), Sc (e.g., Olmez et al, 1986), and Th (e.g., Calabrese et al, 2011). Data from LVC condensates are presented in the Table 3, and rock reference data in the Table 4.…”

Section: Condensates From Fumarolic Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

Aguilera

Layana

Rodríguez-Díaz

et al. 2016

andgeo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT.A multidisciplinary study that includes processing of Landsat ETM+ satellite images, chemistry of gas condensed, mineralogy and chemistry of fumarolic deposits, and fluid inclusion data from native sulphur deposits, has been carried out in the Lastarria Volcanic Complex (LVC) with the objective to determine the distribution and characteristics of hydrothermal alteration zones and to establish the relations between gas chemistry and fumarolic deposits. Satellite image processing shows the presence of four hydrothermal alteration zones, characterized by a mineral assemblage constituted mainly by clay minerals, alunite, iron oxides, and more subordinated ferrous minerals and goethite. Hydrothermal alteration zones present in the Lastarria sensu stricto volcano are directly related to the recent fumarolic activity. Geochemistry of fumarolic gas condensed, obtained from two fumaroles at temperatures between 328 and 320 °C, has allowed detecting 37 diverse elements corresponding to halogens, chalcophiles, siderophiles, alkali metals, alkali earth metals and Rare Earth Elements (REE), with concentrations that vary widely between 5,620 ppm (chlorine) and 0.01 ppm (Mo, Ag, Sn, Pb, Se, Mg and Cr). Logarithm of Enrichment Factor (log EF i ) for each element present values between 6.35 (iodine) and <1 (K, Na, Ca, Fe and Al). Those elements are originated primarily from a magmatic source, whereas at shallow level a hydrothermal source contributes typical rock-related elements, which are leached from the wall rock by a strong interaction with hyperacid fluids. Mostly of elements detected are transported to the surface in the fumarolic emissions as gaseous species, while very few elements (Mg, Ca and Al) are transported in silicate aerosols. A wide spectrum of minerals are present in the fumarolic deposits, which are constituted by sublimates and incrustations, and the main minerals phases are distributed in six mineral families, corresponding to sulphates, hydrated sulphates, sulphides, halides, carbonates, silicates and native element minerals. The sublimate/incrustation minerals are dominated by the presence of sulphate, sulphur, chlorine and diverse rock-related elements, which are formed by processes that include a. oxidation of gaseous phase; b. strong rock-fluid interaction; c. dissolution of silicate minerals and volcanic glass; d. gas-water interaction; e. deposition/precipitation of saline bearing minerals; f. oxidation of sublimates/incrustations to form secondary minerals and g. remobilization of sulphur deposits by meteoric water. Despite that sublimate/ incrustation minerals are dominated by rock-related elements, its chemistry shows high contents of high-volatile elements as As, Sb, Cd, among others. Fluid inclusions studies carried out in thin pseudobanded native sulphur from fumarolic deposits, by use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy combined with microthermometry analyses, provided evidence of H 2 O, CO 2 , H 2 S, SO 4 , COS bearing fluids, homogenization temperatures around 110 °C and salinities v...

show abstract

Section: Condensates From Fumarolic Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

Aguilera

Layana

Rodríguez-Díaz

et al. 2016

andgeo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Volcanic eruptions are a significant source of atmospheric SO 2 , with its effects and lifetime depending on the SO 2 injection altitude. In the troposphere these include acidification of rainfall, modification of cloud formation and impacts on air quality and vegetation (Ebmeier et al, 2014;Delmelle et al, 2002;Delmelle, 2003;Calabrese et al, 2011). In the stratosphere, SO 2 oxidizes to form a stratospheric H 2 SO 4 aerosol that can affect climate for several years (Robock, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vertical distribution of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> plumes measured by IASI

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is an important atmospheric constituent that plays a crucial role in many atmospheric processes. Volcanic eruptions are a significant source of atmospheric SO 2 and its effects and lifetime depend on the SO 2 injection altitude. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the METOP satellite can be used to study volcanic emission of SO 2 using high-spectral resolution measurements from 1000 to 1200 and from 1300 to 1410 cm −1 (the 7.3 and 8.7 µm SO 2 bands) returning both SO 2 amount and altitude data. The scheme described in Carboni et al. (2012) has been applied to measure volcanic SO 2 amount and altitude for 14 explosive eruptions from 2008 to 2012. The work includes a comparison with the following independent measurements: (i) the SO 2 column amounts from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull plumes have been compared with Brewer ground measurements over Europe; (ii) the SO 2 plumes heights, for the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grimsvötn eruptions, have been compared with CALIPSO backscatter profiles. The results of the comparisons show that IASI SO 2 measurements are not affected by underlying cloud and are consistent (within the retrieved errors) with the other measurements. The series of analysed eruptions (2008 to 2012) show that the biggest emitter of volcanic SO 2 was Nabro, followed by Kasatochi and Grímsvötn. Our observations also show a tendency for volcanic SO 2 to reach the level of the tropopause during many of the moderately explosive eruptions observed. For the eruptions observed, this tendency was independent of the maximum amount of SO 2 (e.g. 0.2 Tg for Dalafilla compared with 1.6 Tg for Nabro) and of the volcanic explosive index (between 3 and 5).

show abstract

“…Exposure to high atmospheric concentrations of potentially harmful elements in volcanic areas is a problem that should not be neglected because many millions of people visit volcanic areas each year (Erfurt-Cooper and Cooper, 2010) and many of them get close to the volcanic vents, where the emissions are highly concentrated. Etna is one of the major destinations of worldwide volcano tourism and the tourist facilities provide access to areas close to the summit craters which are the source of huge quantities of harmful elements and compounds to the atmosphere (Aiuppa et al, 2004;Calabrese et al, 2011;Tassi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): Part 1 – Major and trace element composition

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Cited by 108 publications

References 89 publications

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

The vertical distribution of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> plumes measured by IASI

Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): Part 1 – Major and trace element composition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Cited by 108 publications

References 89 publications

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

Hydrothermal alteration, fumarolic deposits and fluids from Lastarria Volcanic Complex: A multidisciplinary study

The vertical distribution of volcanic SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plumes measured by IASI

Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): Part 1 – Major and trace element composition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The vertical distribution of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> plumes measured by IASI