Atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentration and flux budgets at a Northeastern U.S. forest site

Horii, Cassandra Volpe; Munger, J. William; Wofsy, Steven C.; Zahniser, M. S.; Nelson, David D.; McManus, J. Barry

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.08.009

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In this way, we derived υ d equal to 5 ± 2 cm s −1 , in line with previous direct measurements of 1-10 cm s −1 (e.g., Huebert and Robert, 1985;Meyers et al, 1989;Sievering et al, 2001;Volpe Horii et al, 2005;Farmer et al, 2006) and constrained estimates of 6 cm s −1 (Vayenas et al, 2005). Given a υ d of 5 cm s −1 (assumed constant), the hourly ∂NO − 3 ∂t was computed for every hour of the day, with C equal to the time-varying HNO 3(g) and h equal to the timevarying boundary layer height.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…If loss occurred from only the lowest 50 m of the daytime boundary layer, then the observationally derived HNO 3(g) υ d would be only 0.4 cm s −1 , below direct measurements (e.g., Huebert and Robert, 1985;Meyers et al, 1989;Sievering et al, 2001;Volpe Horii et al, 2005;Farmer et al, 2006). Gaseous HNO 3 that does not deposit will repartition to the aerosol phase when temperatures fall and RH rises in the evening.…”

Section: Appendix C: Additional Details Regarding τ No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have fallen steadily across the US over the last 15 years. At the same time, NO x concentrations decrease on weekends relative to weekdays, largely without co-occurring changes in other gas-phase emissions, due to patterns of diesel truck activities. These trends taken together provide two independent constraints on the role of NO x in the nonlinear chemistry of atmospheric oxidation. In this context, we interpret interannual trends in wintertime ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a location with the worst aerosol pollution in the US and where a large portion of aerosol mass is NH 4 NO 3 . Here, we show that NO x reductions have simultaneously decreased nighttime and increased daytime NH 4 NO 3 production over the last decade. We find a substantial decrease in NH 4 NO 3 since 2000 and conclude that this decrease is due to reduced nitrate radical-initiated production at night in residual layers that are decoupled from fresh emissions at the surface. Further reductions in NO x are imminent in California, and nationwide, and we make a quantitative prediction of the response of NH 4 NO 3 . We show that the combination of rapid chemical production and efficient NH 4 NO 3 loss via deposition of gas-phase nitric acid implies that high aerosol days in cities in the San Joaquin Valley air basin are responsive to local changes in NO x within those individual cities. Our calculations indicate that large decreases in NO x in the future will not only lower wintertime NH 4 NO 3 concentrations but also cause a transition in the dominant NH 4 NO 3 source from nighttime to daytime chemistry.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Appendix C: Additional Details Regarding τ No −mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

et al. 2016

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“…Assuming an approximate boundary layer height of ∼ 2 km (we observed boundary layer heights that ranged from 1.5 km to 2.6 km) and a deposition velocity of 4 cm s −1 , we calculate a lifetime of ∼ 14 h (loss rate of 2 × 10 −5 s −1 ) for HNO 3 for midday conditions. The deposition velocity of HNO 3 over forests has been reported to range from 2 cm s −1 to 10 cm s −1 (Horii et al, 2005 and references therein), with a strong variation associated with time of day and season. Given the uncertainty and time of day dependence also associated with the boundary layer height, we use this lifetime as a guide for thinking about the daytime lifetime of ANs, which our measurements indicate is shorter than that of HNO 3 , and do not focus on the exact number.…”

Section: Lifetime Of Hnomentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of total RONO2 over the boreal forest: NOx sinks and HNO3 sources

Browne¹,

Min²,

Wooldridge³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO₃ formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO₂ (ΣANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of ΣANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer that show that ΣANs account for ~ 20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO₃. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing ΣANs as a control over the lifetime of NO_x (NO_x = NO + NO₂) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO₃ is generally present in larger concentrations than ΣANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of ΣANs is shorter than the HNO₃ lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of ΣANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least ~ 40% of the ozonolysis products release NO_x from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO₃ as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NO_x and NO_y budget in remote and rural locations are discussed

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“…Day et al (2003) suggested that ANs may have been an important contributor to the NO y budget shortfall found by previous studies at other rural locations (e.g., Aneja et al 1996;Buhr et al 1990;Hayden et al 2003;Williams et al 1997). In addition, Horii et al (2005) assessed NO y partitioning at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts (MA) by making NO x , HNO 3 , PAN, and NO y measurements from June to November 2000. When the prevailing wind direction was northwesterly, Horii et al (2005) found that the sum of NO x , HNO 3 , and PAN was comparable to NO y .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, although previous studies in Europe (e.g., Harrison et al 1999), the United States (e.g., Day et al 2003;Horii et al 2005;Murphy et al 2006;Parrish et al 1993), and Canada (e.g., Hayden et al 2003;Parrish et al 1993;Zhang et al 2008) have made speciated NO y measurements for multiple seasons, the measurements were (1) not made recently (i.e., within the last 10 years), and (2) primarily made in rural areas. This research gap is noteworthy because it is important to compare recent NO y speciation in urban versus rural locations using a comprehensive suite of measurements, especially since NO x concentrations are continuing to decline in the continental United States (e.g., Hidy and Blanchard 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxidized nitrogen speciation and partitioning in urban and rural New York State

Ninneman

Marto

Shaw

et al. 2021

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentration and flux budgets at a Northeastern U.S. forest site

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

Observations of total RONO<sub>2</sub> over the boreal forest: NO<sub>x</sub> sinks and HNO<sub>3</sub> sources

Reactive oxidized nitrogen speciation and partitioning in urban and rural New York State

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Atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentration and flux budgets at a Northeastern U.S. forest site

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol

Observations of total RONO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; over the boreal forest: NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; sinks and HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; sources

Reactive oxidized nitrogen speciation and partitioning in urban and rural New York State

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Product

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Observations of total RONO<sub>2</sub> over the boreal forest: NO<sub>x</sub> sinks and HNO<sub>3</sub> sources