Atmospheric propagation of space-fractional Gaussian-beam waves in a FSO communication system

Khan, Abdullah Nafis; Younis, Usman; Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim; Zubair, Muhammad

doi:10.1364/oe.446708

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When α 3 = 1, both equations (10) and (11) are reduced down to non-fractional expressions of intensity and beam spot size in free space respectively [11]. For complete theoretical derivation of space fractional paraxial wave equation, a reader can refer to [12].…”

Section: Space-fractional Optical Beam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere using fractional approach for FSO wireless communication

2023

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Free space optical (FSO) wireless communication has emerged as a viable alternative to the existing fiber optics and radio frequency (RF) communications due to its ability to operate in unlicensed spectrum, offering huge data handling capacities and being cost effective with easy deployment. The underlying communication mechanism in the FSO link is based upon the laser beam propagation model. The propagating free space optical beam undergoes signal degradation due to refraction and diffraction caused by atmospheric turbulence measured by refractive index structure parameter (Cn 2). In this work, a novel, robust analytical model for propagating Gaussian-beam through atmospheric turbulence is presented, by solving the space-fractional paraxial wave equation. We report analytical expressions for the intensity and long-term beam spreading of a Gaussian beam in terms of space-fractional parameter D, for the range 2<D≤3. This range of parameter D, defines the effective number of euclidean space corresponding to atmospheric turbulence levels faced by the propagating Gaussian beam in the FSO link. The results of the proposed fractional model and the existing models agreed well, therefore the D-dimensional parameter can be used to effectively express the value of refractive index structure parameter (Cn 2). The classical values of Cn 2 ranges form 10-13 to 10-16 for strong to weak fluctuations respectively. However, in fractional-dimension scale, these fluctuations can be express as D = 2.668 (strong fluctuations) to D = 2.999 (weak fluctuations). The ideal case of free space beam propagation can be expressed as D = 3, with no turbulence. Moreover, we have studied the fractional-dimension model performance for varying wavelengths. Further, based upon a practical example, we proposed a self-sustainable FSO link architecture to efficiently minimize the effect of weak and strong fluctuations on the propagating optical beam, based upon the D-dimension fractional parameter, hence ensuring reliability of FSO link.

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Section: Space-fractional Optical Beam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variable parameters are the input spot size (W 0 ) and the radius of curvature (F 0 ). The minimization function is written as [12]:…”

Section: Link Optimization Using Space-fractional Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere using fractional approach for FSO wireless communication

2023

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“…Fractional or non-integer dimensional calculus is a useful mathematical tool to mimic the physical roughness, where the roughness is assumed to have caused reduced spacedimensionality [26,27]. The fractional approach has been successfully adopted in fields like electromagnetics [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], optics [36][37][38] and quantum field theory [39]. Zubair et al successfully applied the fractional approach to charge transport in semiconductors [40], electron emission models like the Child-Langmuir law and FN law to incorporate surface roughness [2,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized fractional Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for electron tunnelling across rough metal interface

et al. 2023

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The conductive rough surfaces act as an integral part of several electron devices and systems. Electron tunnelling through the potential barrier imposed by the rough metal-vacuum interface is an important mechanism of charge transport in vacuum electron devices. Here, we analytically derive a generalized current–voltage relationship with a fractional image potential barrier that considers the reduced space-dimensionality encountered by the tunnelling electrons at a rough interface, in an effective manner. The traditional Schottky–Nordhiem equation based on the Schottky image potential barrier is shown to be a limiting case of our model for a perfectly flat surface. The fractional-dimension parameter used in this model accounts for the barrier reduction due to the geometrical roughness and it can be determined by fitting our model to a given current–voltage measurement. It is shown that the application of this model could reduce the error between measured current–voltage response and theoretical estimates based on the conventional model. This work provides an analytical framework for efficient design and engineering of quantum tunnelling in practical electron devices.

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“…3 Unlike the RF communication, the transmitters and receivers required for the implementation of FSO communication links are relatively cheaper and also easily installable. 4,5 However, the FSO communication is dependent on the line of sight between the transmitting and receiving side and the line of sight links are affected by atmospheric turbulence. So the researchers have proposed many techniques to overcome the losses that occurred in the atmospheric channel including intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), 6,7 aperture averaging 8 and diversity techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid-infiltrated on-axis ultra-compact reconfigurable intelligent surface for application of free-space optical communication

Khalid,

Mahmood,

Mehmood

et al. 2023

Nanophotonics and Micro/Nano Optics IX

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Free space optical (FSO) communication is an evolving technology that opens up the doors to use huge unlicensed bandwidth and can manifest high-speed communication. As the radio frequency spectrum is getting overburdened and unable to meet the ever-increasing demands of the internet, the optical spectrum can prove to be a paradigm shift to achieve the KPIs of communication including high data-rates, low latency and efficiency. In our study, a fluid-infiltrated reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been proposed that is proficient in directing the light on the concerned user. We proposed the integration of RIS in FSO communication to simultaneously enhance the data transmission range and acquire reconfigurability on run-time. Our proposed design can provide the communication link to the legitimate user while blocking the eavesdropper's reception. The proposed miniaturesized surface is envisaged to be an efficient meta-device for dynamic applications in FSO Communication.

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Atmospheric propagation of space-fractional Gaussian-beam waves in a FSO communication system

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Modeling of optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere using fractional approach for FSO wireless communication

Modeling of optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere using fractional approach for FSO wireless communication

Generalized fractional Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for electron tunnelling across rough metal interface

Fluid-infiltrated on-axis ultra-compact reconfigurable intelligent surface for application of free-space optical communication

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