Atmospheric pollution of a remote area of Tianshan Mountain: Ice core record

Lee, Xinqing; Qin, Dahe; Jiang, Guibin; Duan, Keqin; Zou, Hui

doi:10.1029/2002jd002181

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Dicarboxylic acids in our samples show the predominance of C 2 followed by C 4 and C 3 . A similar molecular distribution was observed for aerosols from Indonesian forest fires (Narukawa et al, 1999) and European aerosols (Legrand et al, 2007). Figure 10a shows a strong positive correlation between (C 2 +C 3 +C 4 ) (i.e., short chain diacids) and WSOC only for the winter period, suggesting a significant contribution from secondary biogenic sources.…”

Section: Relation Between Short Chain Dicarboxylic Acids and Wsocmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…This factor is associated with anthropogenic emissions followed by photochemical production. The observed high correlations indicate the production of C 2 from photochemical degradation of longer chain diacids (Kawamura et al, 1996b;Legrand et al, 2007). Phthalic acid and C 9 were associated in second factor.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis For Selected Speciesmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Seasonal variations of water-soluble organic carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in Central Himalayan aerosols

Hegde

Kawamura

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Aerosol samples were collected from a high elevation mountain site (Nainital, India; 1958 m a.s.l.) in the central Himalayas, a location that provides an isolated platform above the planetary boundary layer to better understand the composition of the remote continental troposphere. The samples were analyzed for water-soluble dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 12 ) and related compounds (ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls), as well as organic carbon, elemental carbon and water soluble organic carbon. The contributions of total dicarboxylic acids to total aerosol carbon during wintertime were 1.7 % and 1.8 %, for day and night, respectively whereas they were significantly smaller during summer. Molecular distributions of diacids revealed that oxalic (C 2 ) acid was the most abundant species followed by succinic (C 4 ) and malonic (C 3 ) acids. The average concentrations of total diacids (433±108 ng m −3 ), ketoacids (48±23 ng m −3 ), and α-dicarbonyls (9±4 ng m −3 ) were similar to those from large Asian cities such as Tokyo, Beijing and Hong Kong. During summer most of the organic species were several times more abundant than in winter. Phthalic acid, which originates from oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, was found to be 7 times higher in summer than winter. This feature has not been reported before in atmospheric aerosols. Based on molecular distributions and air mass backward trajectories, we conclude that dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Himalayan aerosols are derived from anthropogenic activities in the highly populated Indo-Gangetic plain areas.

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Section: Relation Between Short Chain Dicarboxylic Acids and Wsocmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Principal Component Analysis For Selected Speciesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variations of water-soluble organic carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in Central Himalayan aerosols

Hegde

Kawamura

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The elemental weight percent of calcium associated with spherical fly ash in the present study was 0.34% (Figure 4), which indicates that there may have been some chemical reaction between As and Ca, perhaps as Ca 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 [36,37]. Several studies have found that the intricate contamination of differential heavy metals in snow and ice cores come from the Himalayas and central Asia, but no one has illustrated possible contaminant approaches [38][39][40]. Furthermore, McConnell [41] also found that toxic heavy metals emitted by coal burning in the mid-latitudes were transported through the atmosphere and deposited in the Arctic regions.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of individual fly ash particles in surface snow at Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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This research aimed to identify and characterize individual spherical fly ash particles extracted from surface snow at Urumqi Glacier No.1 (UG1), Eastern Tien Shan, central Asia. Characterization of the spherical particles (i.e. morphology, chemical composition and genesis) was obtained by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). This method enabled the characterization of submicroscopic spherical particles, which were present in very small quantities. Spherical particles and agglomerates were identified according to their morphology in five snow samples. Prevalent particle types in all samples were granular spherical particles, hollow spherical particles, irregularly shaped carbonaceous particles and agglomerates. The vast majority of spherical particles in our samples had mostly smooth and glossy surfaces, although these particles varied in diameter and elemental composition. The diameter of fly ash particles ranged from 0.76 to 16.7 m, with an average of 3.79 m (median: 3.21 m). Individual particle analyses of elemental composition showed that particles formed in combustion were mainly composed of carbon, silicon, aluminum and trace elements (e.g. Na, K, Ca, Fe). Some spherical fly ash particles contained toxic heavy metals (e.g. Pb, Cr, As, Zn), and indicated that fly ash particles acted as the main possible carriers of toxic heavy metals deposited in snow and ice of glaciers in high altitudes of central Asia. On the basis of chemical information obtained from EDX, the fly ash particles deposited in the snow could be classified into four types. Namely, Si-dominant particles, with average diameters of 3.24 m were formed by industrial coal combustion via high temperature processes in typical coal-fired heating stations and thermal power plants. Moreover, Fe-dominant particles, with average diameters of 3.82 m, and Ti-dominant spherical particles formed by lower temperature processes in foundry and iron or steel plants. In addition, C-dominant particles, with average diameters of 8.43 m, formed from unburned coal. Fe-dominant particles had larger average diameters than Sidominant particles, indicating that the former were easier to form and developed earlier in the furnace because of their differential melting points of compositional oxide. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that the developed urban regions of central Asia contributed the primary fly ash particles from industrial combustion to the study site through the high-level westerlies jet steam.fly-ash particles, individual particle characterization, SEM-EDX, chemical classification, Urumqi Glacier No.1

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“…Although much research, including studies of mass balance, ice cores, and snow chemistry, has been carried out on the glacier (e.g. Li et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2003;Wake et al, 1992), the characteristics of surface dust and effects of surface dust on the mass balance of this glacier have not yet been studied. This paper aims to describe the quantity and characteristics of surface dust on the Ü rü mqi Glacier No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Surface Dust on Ürümqi Glacier No. 1 in the Tien Shan Mountains, China

Takeuchi¹,

Li²

2008

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Atmospheric pollution of a remote area of Tianshan Mountain: Ice core record

Cited by 45 publications

References 75 publications

Seasonal variations of water-soluble organic carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in Central Himalayan aerosols

Seasonal variations of water-soluble organic carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls in Central Himalayan aerosols

Characterization of individual fly ash particles in surface snow at Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan

Characteristics of Surface Dust on Ürümqi Glacier No. 1 in the Tien Shan Mountains, China

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