Abstract:-(Atmospheric pollen and spore content in the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia). The atmosphere of the urban area of the city of Medellin, Colombia was monitored with the objective of identifying airborne pollen and spores throughout a whole year. Sampling was performed between February 2010 and March 2011, coinciding with the La Niña climate phenomenon, which is characterized by a considerable increase in precipitation. Samples of airborne spores and pollen were obtained from a suction Hirst-type … Show more
“…BioLNA ranged between 6.8×10 2 and 2.9 ×10 4 m -3 (average: 1.1×10 4 m -3 ; CV: 20%), HNA(fungal spores) between 4.7×10 and 1.9×10 4 m -3 (average: 1.1×10 m -3 ; CV: 15%) when above the detection limit (n=12), and pollen from 1.3×10 to 1.2×10 m -3 (average: 3.6×10 2 m -3 ; CV: 21%). These concentration levels are consistent with microscopy-based studies in urban environments for bacteria (e.g., 1.7×10 4 ± 1.3×10 4 m -3 in springtime Birmingham, UK; (Harrison et al, 2005); fungal spores (1.8×10 4 ± 1.1×10 4 m -3 in Vienna, Austria between April-June; ; and pollen (between 5.69×10 2 m -3 to 6.144×10 3 m -3 in Medellin, Colombia; Guarín et al, 2015). Also, additional experiments performed in September 2015, described in Figure S7 of the supplemental information (supplemental information, SI.6), showed that EPM and FCM-based quantifications agree within an order of magnitude.…”
Section: Fcm Biopopulation Identification and Quantificationsupporting
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The abundance and speciation of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) is important for understanding their impacts on human health, cloud formation and ecosystems. Towards this, we have developed a protocol for quantifying PBAP collected from large volumes of air with a portable wet-walled cyclone bioaerosol sampler. A flow cytometry (FCM) protocol was then developed to quantify and characterize the PBAP populations from the sampler, which were confirmed against epifluorescence microscopy. The sampling system and FCM analysis were used to study PBAP in Atlanta, GA over a two-month period and showed clearly defined populations of DNA-containing particles: Low Nucleic Acid-content particles (bioLNA), High Nucleic Acid-content particles (HNA) being fungal spores and pollen. We find that daily-average springtime PBAP concentration (1 to 5&#8201;&#956;m diameter) ranged between 1.4&#8201;&#215;&#8201;10<sup>4</sup> and 1.1&#8201;&#215;&#8201;10<sup>5</sup>&#8201;m<sup>&#8722;3</sup>. The BioLNA population dominated PBAP during dry days (72&#8201;&#177;&#8201;18&#8201;%); HNA dominated the PBAP during humid days and following rain events, where HNA (e.g., wet-ejected fungal spores) comprised up to 92&#8201;% of the PBAP number. Concurrent measurements with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4A) showed that FBAP and total FCM counts are similar; HNA (from FCM) significantly correlated with ABC type FBAP concentrations throughout the sampling period (and for the same particle size range, 1&#8211;5&#8201;&#956;m diameter). However, the FCM bioLNA population, possibly containing bacterial cells, did not correlate to any FBAP type. The lack of correlation of any WIBS FBAP type with the bioLNA suggest bacterial cells may be more difficult to detect with autofluorescence than previously thought. &#921;dentification of bacterial cells even in the FCM (bioLNA population) is challenging, given that the fluorescence level of stained cells at times may be comparable to that seen from abiotic particles. HNA and ABC displayed highest concentration on a humid and warm day after a rain event (4/14), suggesting that both populations correspond to wet-ejected fungal spores. Overall, information from both instruments combined reveals a highly dynamic airborne bioaerosol community over Atlanta, with a considerable presence of fungal spores during humid days, and a bioLNA population dominating bioaerosol community during dry days.</p>
“…BioLNA ranged between 6.8×10 2 and 2.9 ×10 4 m -3 (average: 1.1×10 4 m -3 ; CV: 20%), HNA(fungal spores) between 4.7×10 and 1.9×10 4 m -3 (average: 1.1×10 m -3 ; CV: 15%) when above the detection limit (n=12), and pollen from 1.3×10 to 1.2×10 m -3 (average: 3.6×10 2 m -3 ; CV: 21%). These concentration levels are consistent with microscopy-based studies in urban environments for bacteria (e.g., 1.7×10 4 ± 1.3×10 4 m -3 in springtime Birmingham, UK; (Harrison et al, 2005); fungal spores (1.8×10 4 ± 1.1×10 4 m -3 in Vienna, Austria between April-June; ; and pollen (between 5.69×10 2 m -3 to 6.144×10 3 m -3 in Medellin, Colombia; Guarín et al, 2015). Also, additional experiments performed in September 2015, described in Figure S7 of the supplemental information (supplemental information, SI.6), showed that EPM and FCM-based quantifications agree within an order of magnitude.…”
Section: Fcm Biopopulation Identification and Quantificationsupporting
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The abundance and speciation of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) is important for understanding their impacts on human health, cloud formation and ecosystems. Towards this, we have developed a protocol for quantifying PBAP collected from large volumes of air with a portable wet-walled cyclone bioaerosol sampler. A flow cytometry (FCM) protocol was then developed to quantify and characterize the PBAP populations from the sampler, which were confirmed against epifluorescence microscopy. The sampling system and FCM analysis were used to study PBAP in Atlanta, GA over a two-month period and showed clearly defined populations of DNA-containing particles: Low Nucleic Acid-content particles (bioLNA), High Nucleic Acid-content particles (HNA) being fungal spores and pollen. We find that daily-average springtime PBAP concentration (1 to 5&#8201;&#956;m diameter) ranged between 1.4&#8201;&#215;&#8201;10<sup>4</sup> and 1.1&#8201;&#215;&#8201;10<sup>5</sup>&#8201;m<sup>&#8722;3</sup>. The BioLNA population dominated PBAP during dry days (72&#8201;&#177;&#8201;18&#8201;%); HNA dominated the PBAP during humid days and following rain events, where HNA (e.g., wet-ejected fungal spores) comprised up to 92&#8201;% of the PBAP number. Concurrent measurements with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4A) showed that FBAP and total FCM counts are similar; HNA (from FCM) significantly correlated with ABC type FBAP concentrations throughout the sampling period (and for the same particle size range, 1&#8211;5&#8201;&#956;m diameter). However, the FCM bioLNA population, possibly containing bacterial cells, did not correlate to any FBAP type. The lack of correlation of any WIBS FBAP type with the bioLNA suggest bacterial cells may be more difficult to detect with autofluorescence than previously thought. &#921;dentification of bacterial cells even in the FCM (bioLNA population) is challenging, given that the fluorescence level of stained cells at times may be comparable to that seen from abiotic particles. HNA and ABC displayed highest concentration on a humid and warm day after a rain event (4/14), suggesting that both populations correspond to wet-ejected fungal spores. Overall, information from both instruments combined reveals a highly dynamic airborne bioaerosol community over Atlanta, with a considerable presence of fungal spores during humid days, and a bioLNA population dominating bioaerosol community during dry days.</p>
“…Los 11 géneros que se identificaron por ambos sistemas volumétricos, se citaron anteriormente en estudios ambientales cubanos de exteriores, en los que también se reflejó a Cladosporium, Aspergillus y Penicillium como abundantes (Almaguer et al 2012. Similares resultados se registraron en República Dominicana (Landa et al 2015), Colombia (Alzate et al 2015) y México (Rocha et al 2013).…”
Palabras clave: hongos, aire, alergia, estaciones RESUMEN El clima de La Habana favorece la presencia de hongos en el aire durante gran parte del año, principalmente en el horario diurno. En los períodos poco lluviosos (noviembre-abril) se evidencian las mayores variaciones climatológicas que pueden incidir en la severidad de enfermedades alérgicas y respiratorias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la micobiota atmosférica diurna de La Habana durante tres períodos poco lluviosos consecutivos. Se realizaron 48 muestreos volumétricos de propágulos fúngicos viables mediante un biocolector de rendija (colector chirana) durante tres períodos poco lluviosos (noviembre/2012-abril/2013, noviembre/2013-abril/2014 y noviembre/2014-abril/2015). Los hongos recolectados se aislaron e identificaron. Simultáneamente se realizó la identificación visual de esporas en las preparaciones procedentes de un captador tipo Hirst Lanzoni VPPS 2000, en el mismo día y hora de los muestreos viables. Posteriormente se calculó la concentración, densidad y frecuencia relativa de los propágulos fúngicos identificados por ambos métodos. Los períodos evaluados fueron similares de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se identificaron 32 géneros fúngicos, tres sólo mediante cultivo, 17 sólo con metodología no viable y 11 con ambos sistemas de captación. También se identificaron esporas del orden Uredinales y de la familia Xylariaceae por el método no viable. Destacaron Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium y Curvularia por su abundancia y frecuencia relativa. La micobiota detectada en los tres períodos fue similar en diversidad y concentración de géneros. La temperatura media y la humedad relativa media se correlacionaron con las concentraciones atmosféricas de propágulos fúngicos. Los datos aportados son útiles para la prevención de alergias y enfermedades respiratorias, con alta incidencia en la población cubana en períodos invernales y secos.
“…Diferentes autores han encontrado una variación en la concentración de esporas respecto a las condiciones meteorológicas. (Quintero et al, 2010;Almaguer et al, 2013;Almaguer et al, 2015;Guarín et al, 2015). Así, Lin & Li (2000) investigaron las relaciones entre la concentración de esporas y las condiciones meteorológicas.…”
ResumenSe realizó un estudio aeromicológico para determinar la influencia de algunos factores meteorológicos en la concentración de esporas fúngicas totales en la atmósfera de la Plaza San Martín de Lima. El muestreo se realizó utilizando el método volumétrico por impactación empleando un muestreador tipo Andersen con agar Sabouraud. Las concentraciones más altas de esporas se observaron en los meses de marzo y setiembre mientras que los niveles más bajos fueron detectados en los meses de julio y agosto. Los hongos predominantes que estuvieron presentes en todo el periodo de estudio fueron Cladosporium, Penicillium y Aspergillus, estos géneros abarcaron el 82% del total de esporas aisladas. La concentración de esporas totales mostró una correlación estadística significativa (p<0.05) positiva con la temperatura e índice UV; la humedad relativa presentó una correlación estadística significativa (p<0.05) negativa. La velocidad del viento presentó una correlación estadística positiva con un nivel de significancia de p<0.01. Las fluctuaciones de las condiciones meteorológicas muestran una marcada influencia en la distribución de las esporas. Palabras clave: aeromicología, bioaerosol, esporas, alergia, variables climáticas.
AbstractAn aeromicological study was carried out to establish the influence of meteorological factors on the concentration of total fungal spores in the atmosphere of the Plaza San Martín, Lima, Perú. Sampling was carried out using the volumetric impaction method using an Andersen sampler with Sabouraud agar. The highest concentrations of spores was observed in the months of March and September while the lowest levels were detected in the months of July and August. The predominant fungi that were present throughout the study period were Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. These genera comprised 82% of the total isolated spores. The total spore concentration showed a significant statistical correlation (p <0.05) with temperature and UV index while relative humidity presented a negative significant statistical correlation (p <0.05). Wind speed presented a positive statistical correlation with a level of significance of p <0.01. Fluctuations of meteorological conditions showed a marked influence on the distribution of the spores.
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