Atmospheric parameters measured using artificial periodic irregularities with different spatial scales

Investigations of Atmospheric Waves in the Earth Lower Ionosphere by Means of the Method of the Creation of the Artificial Periodic Irregularities of the Ionospheric Plasma

“…In the lower ionosphere T e0 = T i0 = T, where T is the neutral temperature. The given expression for τ underlies the determination of most of the parameters of the lower ionosphere [8,16,18,[24][25][26]. Temporal density variations repeat in general temperature variations.…”

“…Temporal density variations repeat in general temperature variations. A detailed description of the method for determination of the neutral temperature and the density, derived from the height dependence of the relaxation time of the API scattered signal 104, and estimations of the method accuracy in determining the temperature and density in the lower ionosphere are in [25,26]. The plasma vertical velocity at altitudes of 50-130 km is equal to the velocity of the neutral component, due to the fact that the plasma at these altitudes behaves as a passive admixture.…”

“…It was natural to assume that perturbations of this kind can be caused by the propagation of internal gravity waves. Clearly-pronounced wave movements with a period from 15 min to 2 h or more are clearly visible; there is a complex picture of temporal temperature variations with a range of oscillations from 20 to 100 K [22,25,26,31,32].…”

Artificial periodic irregularities, hydrodynamic instabilities, and dynamic processes in the mesosphere—lower thermosphere

“…The methods of measuring atmospheric parameters by means of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic irregularities are described in detail in [3,[7][8][9]. They were developed as the effect of high-power high-frequency radio waves on the ionosphere was studied.…”

Results of Determining the Electron Number Density in the Ionospheric E Region from Relaxation Times of Artificial Periodic Irregularities of Different Scales

“…At altitudes below 100 km, where turbulent diffusion begins to dominate ambipolar diffusion, the proposed procedure of determining the N (z) profile is not applicable. Knowledge of the altitude dependence of the electron number density is important for finding the atmospheric parameters at the altitudes of the E region [9]. Using the measured profile N (z) rather than the model one, it is possible to improve the accuracy of determining the atmosphere temperature and density and extend the altitude range of their determination.…”