Atmospheric PAHs in North China: Spatial distribution and sources

Zhang, Yanjun; Lin, Yan; Cai, Jing; Liu, Yue; Hong, Linan; Qin, Momei; Zhao, Yifan; Ma, Jin; Wang, Xuesong; Zhu, Tong; Qiu, Xinghua; Zheng, Mei

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.104

Cited by 93 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Although some studies have addressed composition, sources and health risks of PM in haze episodes (Andersson et al, 2015;Betha et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014), the occurrences, sources and associated health risks of trace ClPAHs, BrPAHs in particulate and gas fractions have never been studied, due to the requirement of high-volume air samplers and the difficulties in achieving accurate analytical results for ClPAHs and BrPAHs. Previous studies indicate that Beijing has one of the highest atmospheric PAH concentrations in several investigated cities in Asia Zhang et al, 2016). Likewise, PM-associated ClPAHs had highest concentrations in air samples from Beijing, compared with the investigated other several Asian cities (Kakimoto et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Jin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Several congeners of Cl, Br-PAHs in haze air were reported for the first time.• Cl, Br-PAH levels in heating period were higher than that in non-heating period. • Coal combustion contributes to the elevated levels of Cl, Br-PAHs in heating period.Editor: Jay Gan Profiles, sources and potential exposures of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs and BrPAHs) in haze associated atmosphere remain unclear. Haze events happened frequently during heating period in Beijing provided a typical urban context to investigate the concentrations, profiles, sources and potential exposures of ClPAHs, BrPAHs and their non-halogenated parent compounds (PAHs) in air samples. Average concentrations of PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during heating periods (with more frequent haze events) were about 3-9 times higher than during non-heating periods. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM)-associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs were higher in heating period than in non-heating period, while for gas-associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs, this distinction was not significant. Congener patterns and congener profiles indicated that with increasing coal combustion during the heating period, concentrations of PAHs and ClPAHs in air were elevated in comparison to the non-heating period. Inhalation of PM-associated PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs accounted for higher exposure than inhalation of gas phase and dermal contact of both gas phase and particulate phase. In this study we found that the particulate phase is the dominant exposure pathway of atmospheric PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during haze days, which is different from previous studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Jin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The molecular diagnostic ratios of the defined pairs of individual compounds have often been used as tracers of different source categories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [36][37][38][39]. During combustion, PAHs may be formed from organic matter under oxygen-deficient conditions.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Factors for Biofuels and Coal Combustion in a Domestic Boiler of 18 kW

et al. 2019

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The differences in the pollutant emissions from the combustion of bituminous coal and biofuels (wood, straw, and miscanthus pellets) under real-world boiler operating conditions were investigated. The experiments were performed on an experimental installation that comprised an 18 kW boiler, used in domestic central heating systems, equipped with a retort furnace, an automatic fuel feeder, a combustion air fan, and a fuel storage bin. The emission factors of gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as some PAH concentration ratios for coal and biofuel combustion, were determined. The obtained results indicate that fuel properties have a strong influence on the emission factors of gaseous and carbonaceous pollutants. The total particulate matter (PM) emissions from the biofuel combustion were about 5-fold lower than those from the coal burned in the same boiler. The emission factors of the total carbons from the biofuel combustion were between 10 and 20 times lower than those from the coal combustion. The mean organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) emission factors, based on the burned fuel, were 161–232 and 42–221 mg/kg for the biofuels and 1264 and 3410 g/kg for the coal, respectively. The obtained results indicate that molecular diagnostic ratios, based on the concentration of PAHs, vary significantly, depending on the fuel type.

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“…The correlations obtained were strong, with Pearson's correlation coefficients R 2 > 0.990 (Table 3). For spring, factor x 1 explains 52% of the total measured PAHs, and identifies coal as the average source, with strong similarities between the two profiles [4,20]. This profile is predominantly loaded by Flua, Pyr, and Phe; these are typically used as markers for coal [7].…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis Combined With Multiple Linear Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations and Sources of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chengdu, China

Yang

Cheng

2018

Atmosphere

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Abstract:The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chengdu, a southwest city of China, were determined from March 2015 to February 2016. Here, two diagnostic ratios (DR) were determined and a principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) analysis was performed to identify the sources of PAHs during the four seasons. The gaseous and particle phase samples were analyzed separately. The sampled air had a gas-to particle ratio of 4.21, and between 18.7% and 31.3% of the total detected PAHs were found in the particulate phase. The total concentration of all 16-PAHs combined (gas + particles) varied from 176.94 in summer to 458.95 ng·m −3 in winter, with a mean of 300.35 ± 176.6 ng·m −3 . In the gas phase, phenanthrene(Phe) was found at the highest concentrations in all four seasons, while benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and (in winter) chrysene(Chr) were the highest in the particle phase. The DR of Fluroanthene (Flua)/(Flua + Pyrene (Pyr)) was higher in the gas phase than in the particle phase, while the Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IcdP)/(IcdP + Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)) ratio was more variable in the gas than that in the particle phase. The main sources for both phases were a mixture of liquid fossil fuel combustion and the burning of biomass and coal, with clear seasonal variation. Principal Component Analysis/Multiple Linear Regression (PCA/MLR) analysis identified the main PAH sources as coal burning (52%) with motor vehicle exhaust and coke (48%) in spring; coal (52%), coke (21%), and motor vehicle exhaust (27%) in summer; coal (47%), vehicle exhaust (34%), and coke (19%) in autumn; and coal (58%) and vehicle exhaust (42%) in winter.

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Atmospheric PAHs in North China: Spatial distribution and sources

Cited by 93 publications

References 50 publications

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Emission Factors for Biofuels and Coal Combustion in a Domestic Boiler of 18 kW

Seasonal Variations and Sources of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chengdu, China

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