Atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and ozone – is NO<sub>x</sub> fixation by plants a possible solution?

Wellburn, A. R.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00178.x

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1C). Although a delayed development of plants in an NO-enriched atmosphere has been reported (Wellburn, 1998), in our experimental assays, no visible alterations in maize plants occurred in the presence of the NO concentration used. Hydroponically grown maize plants (Fig.…”

Section: No Induces Greening In Iron-deficient Maize Plantsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

2002

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Iron deficiency impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. In leaves, most of the iron must cross several biological membranes to reach the chloroplast. The components involved in the complex internal iron transport are largely unknown. Nitric oxide (NO), a bioactive free radical, can react with transition metals to form metal-nitrosyl complexes. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize (Zea mays) plants growing with an iron concentration as low as 10 m Fe-EDTA in the nutrient solution. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, another NO donor, as well as gaseous NO supply in a translucent chamber were also able to revert the iron deficiency symptoms. A specific NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, blocked the effect of the NO donors. The effect of NO treatment on the photosynthetic apparatus of iron-deficient plants was also studied. Electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize plants revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. In contrast, in NO-treated maize plants, mesophyll chloroplast appeared completely developed. NO treatment did not increase iron content in plant organs, when expressed in a fresh matter basis, suggesting that root iron uptake was not enhanced. NO scavengers 2-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and methylene blue promoted interveinal chlorosis in iron-replete maize plants (growing in 250 m Fe-EDTA). Even though results support a role for endogenous NO in iron nutrition, experiments did not establish an essential role. NO was also able to revert the chlorotic phenotype of the iron-inefficient maize mutants yellow stripe1 and yellow stripe3, both impaired in the iron uptake mechanisms. All together, these results support a biological action of NO on the availability and/or delivery of metabolically active iron within the plant.Iron deficiency impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species. Therefore, iron availability maintains a direct correlation with plant productivity. Chlorosis because of unavailability of iron in calcareous soils (high pH) is a major agricultural problem that results in diminished crop yields in an estimated 30% of calcareous soils worldwide (Mori, 1999).Iron deficiency responses involve several physiological plant adaptations (Guerinot and Yi, 1994;Mori, 1999). Under iron deficiency, plants have evolved two separate strategies for iron acquisition. Non-graminaceous plants (strategy I) enhance acidification of the extracellular medium and increase both root ferric-reducing capacity and uptake of ferrous iron. In contrast, graminaceous plants possess the ability to secrete phytosiderophores to enhance iron uptake from soils (strategy II). However, when iron availability is under a threshold level, both strategies I and II are not sufficient to support the iron requirement for plant development, and stress symptoms beco...

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Section: No Induces Greening In Iron-deficient Maize Plantsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

2002

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“…, 1998). There is a considerable amount of literature (Nussbaum, et al ., 1999; Wellburn, 1990, 1998; Lea, 1998) reporting toxic effects of NO 2 under high concentrations. Therefore we conclude that NO 2 is potentially toxic at higher concentrations, so it could be that species‐specific protection mechanisms in plants are activated at different concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the phytotoxicity of high NO 2 concentrations (Wellburn, 1990, 1998; Lea, 1998), several studies report stimulating effects on: (1) plant growth (Wellburn, 1990; Schmutz et al. , 1995a) with concomitant morphological changes (Günthardt‐Goerg et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope analysis reveals differential effects of soil nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide on the water use efficiency in hybrid poplar leaves

et al. 2001

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Summary• The effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure are reported on the physiology, morphology and carbon partitioning of hybrid poplar clone cuttings ( Populus × euramericana ) grown under high and low soil nitrogen supply.• Plants were exposed to filtered air or NO 2 -enriched air (80 -135 nl l − 1 ) over 12 wk growth in phytotrons. Stable isotope analysis, combined with CO 2 and H 2 O gas exchange measurements, biomass analysis and morphological development, was used to assess the integrated long-term effects of NO 2 .• NO 2 had no toxic effects. A reduced 15 N-isotope ratio indicated incorporation of NO 2 while nitrate reductase activity in leaves was stimulated. The two nitrogen sources had differential effects on water use efficiency (WUE): NO 2 exposure increased long-term WUE; soil N supply decreased WUE; a result not detectable using growth and short-term gas exchange experiments. Plants benefited from airborne NO 2 , increasing CO 2 assimilation rate and biomass; both N sources increased shoot production at the expense of root growth. NO 2 exposure induced leaf formation with reduced stomatal density and increased leaf area.• NO 2 exposure might be beneficial although the reduced root: shoot biomass could have a detrimental effect on nutrient balance and drought resistance.

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“…Without compensatory measures, nutrient depletion within forest ecosystems may result (Ingerslev et al 2001), reducing wood biomass production in the long term. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition (Wellburn 1998;Ammann et al 1999;Siegwolf et al 2001) or conventional fertilizer treatments (Ingestad et al 1981;Linder 1987) could be regarded as compensatory measures. Moreover, wood ash recycling by returning wood ash produced from wood burning (Hagerberg and Wallander 2002) could be a suitable alternative measure even though it is an N-free fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood ash treatment affects seasonal N fluctuations in needles of adult Picea abies trees: a 15 N-tracer study

Jäggi

Siegwolf

Genenger

et al. 2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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A 15 N-tracer experiment was carried out in a stand of adult spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] located on the Swiss Plateau in order to investigate the effects of wood ash treatment on seasonal nitrogen fluctuations in fine roots and needles. Treatments included irrigation (W), liquid fertilization (LF) and wood ash (A) application. 15 N fluctuation in fine roots and current to 3-year-old needles was studied after one 15 N pulse for 2 consecutive years (1999, 2000). 15 N tracer was rapidly incorporated into the fine roots of adult trees, and d 15 N values reached similar levels in all treatments 2 months after the pulse. In the needles, the largest increase in d 15 N was observed in those of the current year. Following the initial peak during spring growth, d 15 N values in needles of control trees showed an oscillating pattern through the season. This oscillation is attributed to the increased use of internal N sources, as soon as the roots can no longer meet the increased N demand during the sprouting phase. However, W-, LF-and A-treated trees no longer showed the oscillation in d 15 N. Additional water (W and LF) as well as fertilizer (A and LF) may have induced shifts in the microbial flora, thus increasing the unlabelled N release from the soil. The strongest dampening was observed for the A treatment, indicating sufficient N availability from the soil, and making intensive use of the internal N sources unnecessary. Treatment with wood ash thus resulted in a similar fertilizer response to liquid fertilization.

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Atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and ozone – is NO_x fixation by plants a possible solution?

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

Stable isotope analysis reveals differential effects of soil nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide on the water use efficiency in hybrid poplar leaves

Wood ash treatment affects seasonal N fluctuations in needles of adult Picea abies trees: a 15 N-tracer study

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Atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and ozone – is NOx fixation by plants a possible solution?

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

Nitric Oxide Improves Internal Iron Availability in Plants

Stable isotope analysis reveals differential effects of soil nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide on the water use efficiency in hybrid poplar leaves

Wood ash treatment affects seasonal N fluctuations in needles of adult Picea abies trees: a 15 N-tracer study

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Atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and ozone – is NO_x fixation by plants a possible solution?