Atmospheric Mutagens

Fishbein, Lawrence

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0892-8_8

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 371 publications

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“…Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are commonly found on the surface of coal fly ash (1) and include both potential genotoxics (2) and substances that can be transformed to genotoxics by reaction in the atmosphere (3). The lifetime of PACs on fly ash surfaces has been estimated to range from minutes to days (4)(5)(6)(7). Various chemical and physical processes have been proposed to account for the losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photooxidation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pyrenequinones coated on glass surfaces

Cope¹,

Kalkwarf²

1987

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photooxidation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pyrenequinones coated on glass surfaces

Cope¹,

Kalkwarf²

1987

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The carcinogenic potential of atmospheric particulate polycyclic organic matter may conceivably be modified as a result of photochemical decomposition or reactions with atmospheric oxidants. While the view occasionally has been advanced that PAHs are chemically inert and thus are removed from the atmosphere only by rainfall or slow sedimentation of particulate matter (11), the more common presumption has been that atmospheric PAHs can undergo relatively facile photodecomposition (4). The high photosensitivity of many aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid solution is well known (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to photochemical decomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons vapor-adsorbed on coal fly ash

Korfmacher¹,

Wehry²,

Mamantov³

et al. 1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

146

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Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) have been adsorbed, from the vapor phase, onto coal fly ash, and the susceptibility of each of the adsorbed compounds to photodecomposition has been studied. Benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, and anthracene all photolyze efficiently in liquid solution but are highly resistant to photodegradation when adsorbed on fly ash. However, benzo[a]pyrene and anthracene photo-1094 Environmental Science & Technology

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“…Clearly, not only does exposure of a sample of BaP to ambient smog cause it to become directly mutagenic, but contrary to some reports (Berry & Lehman 1971;Fishbein 1976), a variety of compounds are readily formed. Those tentatively identified by t.l.c.…”

Section: Reactions Of Benzo(a)pyrenementioning

confidence: 76%

Photochemical and biological implications of the atmospheric reactions of amines and benzo(a)pyrene

Pitts

1979

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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The discovery of direct mutagenic activity, as determined by the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, in the organic fractions of ambient aerosols collected throughout Southern California, led us to investigate the reactions of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) deposited on glass fibre filters with ambient photochemical smog, as well as with O 3 , NO 2 , and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in simulated atmospheres. A variety of products are readily formed, including phenols, diphenols, dihydrodiols, etc. Directly mutagenic nitroderivatives are formed upon exposure of BaP (a carcinogen and pro-mutagen) and of perylene and pyrene (non-mutagens) to 1 part/10 6 of NO 2 and a trace of HNO 3 in air. If such reactions occur in urban atmospheres they may account in part for the ‘excess’ carcinogenicity (over BaP and certain other polycyclics) observed in organic particulates collected from smog and exhausts of spark ignition and diesel engines. However, such gas-solid interface processes may also have occurred on the filters commonly used in particulate sampling. Thus the possibility of ‘filter artefacts’ must be recognized. Carcinogenic N -nitrosamines have been detected in air at or near several industrial plants. Therefore, reactions of their possible precursors, e.g. secondary and tertiary methyl and ethylamines with NO x -HONO were studied both at levels of less than 1 part/10 6 in air in a 50 m 3 outdoor chamber and at levels around 4 parts/10 6 in a long path (720 m) outdoor infrared cell with the use of Fourier transform spectroscopic techniques. At concentrations less than 1 part/10 6 diethyl and triethylamine readily form photochemical smog (O 3 , PAN, aerosols, etc.). Additionally, small but significant amounts of diethylnitrosamine (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NNO are formed in the dark from diethylamine (DEA) but destroyed in sunlight. In contrast, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NNO is initially formed on irradiation of triethylamine (TEA)-NO x mixtures, then photodecomposed. Other significant nitrogenous compounds formed in sunlight include dialkylnitramines (R 2 NNO 2 , a major product) and substituted amides; small amounts of acetamide are present in the particulate phase from DEA and TEA. Both (CH 3 ) 2 NNO 2 and CH 3 CONH 2 are carcinogens in animals, though less potent than nitrosamines; the activity of (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NNO 2 is not known. Environmental implications of both systems are discussed.

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Atmospheric Mutagens

Cited by 15 publications

References 371 publications

Photooxidation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pyrenequinones coated on glass surfaces

Photooxidation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pyrenequinones coated on glass surfaces

Resistance to photochemical decomposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons vapor-adsorbed on coal fly ash

Photochemical and biological implications of the atmospheric reactions of amines and benzo(a)pyrene

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